汉代西北边塞军人的“猎兽”行为  

The“Hunting”Behavior of Soldiers at the Northwestern Frontier During the Han Dynasty

作　　者：王子今[1,2,3] Wang Zijin

机构地区：[1]西北大学铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究基地,陕西西安710127 [2]“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”协同攻关创新平台、中国人民大学国学院 [3]中国秦汉史研究会

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2025年第1期55-63,共9页The Central Plains Culture Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目重点项目“汉代丝绸之路生态史”(21FZSA005);教育部后期资助项目“汉代丝绸之路交通史”(17JHQ006)。

摘　　要：汉武帝《轮台诏》注意到西北边防吏卒职任不能切实履行的问题,症结在于“猎兽”。边塞军人“猎兽”行为,于简牍资料“野羊脯”“鹿”进入饮食生活的情形有所体现。“雉”“凫”“鸿”等被猎杀的禽鸟,于简文可见其价位记录,可知经历市场流通,直接与“利”相关联。于烽燧遗址出土汉简可见“兔”与野兔奔走的图画形象并出的情形。而汉代“雉兔”是常见猎物。烽燧遗址出土的“夹”“网”“投石”等猎具,也提示了当时边塞吏卒“猎兽”的方式。分析汉代西北边塞军人的“猎兽”行为,固然应当注意到汉武帝指责的“猎兽”行为导致正常防务弛怠的危害,但是也应当理解军中士兵通过“猎兽”或可改善日常饮食生活条件的动机。我们更为重视的,是通过相关考察认识当时边地社会生活的景象,了解丝绸之路交通的生态环境条件。Luntai Edict of Emperor Wu of Han highlighted the issue of officials and soldiers at the northwestern frontier neglecting their duties due to“hunting wildlife”.The“hunting”behavior of soldiers at the forts is found in bamboo and wooden slips mentioning“wild sheep jerky”and“venison stew,”indicating these animals became part of their diet.The prices of hunted birds such as“pheasants”“ducks”and“swans”are recorded in the slips,showing that these animals were traded in the market for profit.At beacon tower sites,bamboo slips of the Han Dynasty depict images of“rabbits”and hares running,and“pheasants and rabbits”were common prey.Hunting tools such as“traps”“nets”and“slingshots”unearthed at beacon tower sites also suggest the methods used by officials and soldiers for“hunting wildlife”.When analyzing the“hunting”behavior of soldiers at the northwestern frontier during the Han Dynasty,it is essential to consider criticism expressed by Emperor Wu regarding the neglect of defense duties.However,it is also crucial to understand the motivation of soldiers to improve their daily diet and living conditions through“hunting”.More significantly,studying this“hunting”behavior provides insights into the social life of border areas and the ecological environment along the Silk Road through relevant research.

关 键 词：边塞军人 猎兽 丝绸之路 边地 生态环境 

分 类 号：K234[历史地理—历史学]