金文册命命服与西周官职爵位研究  

Study on the Inscriptions of Bronze Wares and the Official Titles and Rank System of the Western Zhou Dynasty

作　　者：王晖[1] Wang Hui

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2025年第1期111-120,共10页The Central Plains Culture Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“关中地区出土西周金文整理与研究”(12&ZD138)。

摘　　要：学术界早期研究西周金文册命礼多以韨衡类去确定西周爵位,但韨衡只是服饰配饰,只起辅助性的作用,并不完全具备判断爵等的功能,以致后来一些学者怀疑西周册命赐服旂是否与爵位有关。本文认为,金文所见西周册命礼中命服才是衡量爵位等级的主要条件。织绣彩纹而成的“织衣”是册命礼上大夫级命服,并以“■巿”“赤■巿”等韨衡调节其爵位的高下。单色无绘绣的“玄衣”是中下大夫级命服,而以“■巿”“赤巿”“素巿”等韨衡调节其爵位的高下。依据衣服类命服赐品基本上可以把西周爵位的等级划分为三个大类,服饰的配饰可在三大类中进一步区分等级情况。春秋以后诸侯、卿士大夫命服与官爵的配合有了很大变化。Early academic studies on the Inscriptions of Bronze Wares regarding the rite of conferring titles used to determine ranks in the Western Zhou dynasty based on fu(a type of ornament worn on the chest)and heng(a type of ornament worn on the waist).However,these ornaments were merely accessories for clothing and played a supporting role,and were not fully capable of determining the rank.As a result,some scholars questioned whether the conferral of flags with decorative patterns as a reward for nobility was actually related to rank.This paper argues that the clothing used in the Western Zhou rite of conferring titles was the main criterion for rank.The“zhiyi”(a type of clothing made of woven and colored threads)was the official’s clothing for the rite of conferring titles for officials of the second rank,and the“■巿”and“赤■巿”were used to adjust the rank of officials of the second rank.The“xuanyi”(a type of clothing made of plain and unadorned dark blue fabric)was the official’s clothing for the rite of conferring titles for officials of the third and fourth ranks,with“■巿”“赤巿”“素巿”were used to adjust the rank of officials of the third and fourth ranks.The clothing used in the rite of conferring titles as a reward for nobility can be divided into three major categories based on the type of clothing,with accessories further differentiating ranks within each category.There were significant changes in the combination of clothing and rank for dukes,marquises,and officials after the Spring and Autumn Period.

关 键 词：西周 金文 册命礼 命服 爵位 

分 类 号：K224[历史地理—历史学]