消防服衣下空气层结构对人体热防护的影响规律  

Influence of air gap under firefighting clothing on human thermal protection

作　　者：韩烨 田苗[1,2,3] HAN Ye;TIAN Miao(College of Fashion and Design,Donghua University,Shanghai 200051,China;Protective Clothing Research Center,Donghua University,Shanghai 200051,China;Key Laboratory of Clothing Design and Technology,Ministry of Education,Donghua University,Shanghai 200051,China)

机构地区：[1]东华大学服装与艺术设计学院,上海200051 [2]东华大学功能防护服装研究中心,上海200051 [3]东华大学现代服装设计与技术教育部重点实验室,上海200051

出　　处：《纺织学报》2025年第1期148-153,共6页Journal of Textile Research

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2232023D-06,2232025G-08)。

摘　　要：为降低火灾环境对消防员皮肤烧伤的危害,构建空气层三维传热模拟装置,模拟服装开口处的衣下空气层状态,并开展低热辐射条件下的热暴露试验,探究着装人体与外界环境的热量交换及对人体皮肤热防护的影响规律。结果表明:与封闭空气层相比,开放空气层条件下织物受热面的峰值温度更低;空气层厚度的增加和边界的开放能够提升织物系统的热防护能力;3 mm空气层条件下,封闭状态的热防护性能更好,而其它厚度下开放空气层的防护能力更好;与无空气层条件相比,3~18 mm的封闭空气层可将热流密度衰减提升16.2%~44.5%、皮肤温度降低9%~26.7%、二级烧伤时间延长10.0%~100.8%;开放空气层可将热流密度衰减提升8.0%~50.7%、皮肤温度降低4.7%~30.0%、二级烧伤时间延长7.2%~140.9%。Objective Low-level heat flux densities(2-20 kW/m 2)in conventional and hazardous thermal environments are commonly encountered in actual firefighting operations,especially in complex and variable forest fire conditions.Prolonged exposure in these environments can result in skin burns among firefighters,posing a threat to their occupational safety.In order to mitigate the risk of skin burns caused by firefighting environments,the influence of the air gap structure under firefighting clothing in low radiation heat environments on skin thermal protection was investigated.This research provides scientific insights for the rational design of firefighting gear and the prediction of safe operating durations for firefighters,thereby playing a crucial role in enhancing firefighters′occupational safety.Method By constructing a three-dimensional heat transfer simulation device for the air gap,the heat exchange process between air gap close to clothing openings and external environment in actual dressing conditions is explored.Based on the stored energy test device,open and closed air gaps were set up,and thermal exposure experiments with various air gap thicknesses were conducted.The temperature variations on fabric surfaces under different air gap conditions,the thermal protection provided by the fabric system to the human body,and the contribution of the air gap therein were analyzed.Results The results showed that an increase in air gap thickness and the openness of boundaries both positively impacted on the thermal protection capacity of the fabric system.The open air gaps exhibited stronger thermal protective performance,except for 3 mm-thick air gap.In comparison to situations without an air gap,closed air gaps ranging from 3 mm to 18 mm were found to reduce skin peak temperature by 9%-26.7%and prolong the second-degree burn time by 10.0%-100.8%.The conditions of open air gaps could reduce skin peak temperature by 4.7%-30.0%,and prolong the second-degree burn time by 7.2%-140.9%.The thermal flux density attenuation

关 键 词：消防服 职业安全 空气层 热防护 二级烧伤时间 

分 类 号：TS941.73[轻工技术与工程—服装设计与工程]