社区老年高血压患者自我效能水平及影响因素分析  

Analysis on self-efficacy level and influencing factors of elderly hypertension patients in community

作　　者：陈向宇 CHEN Xiang-yu(School of Medical Humanities and Management,Wenzhou Medical University,Zhejiang 325000,China)

机构地区：[1]温州医科大学医学人文与管理学院,浙江325000

出　　处：《预防医学论坛》2024年第10期737-742,共6页Preventive Medicine Tribune

基　　金：浙江省温州市哲学社会科学规划课题(20jd07)。

摘　　要：目的探讨老年高血压患者自我效能水平现状,并分析其影响因素,为提升老年高血压患者自我效能的干预手段、提高其生命质量提供依据。方法2021年7-9月采取分层整群抽样的方法,抽取浙江省温州市4个县(区)的社区老年高血压患者610例为调查对象,采用一般资料调查表、自我效能量表、社会支持量表进行调查。采用SPSS 28.0统计软件对老年高血压患者自我效能水平进行分析。结果610例社区老年高血压患者的自我效能评分为(5.77±1.96)分,症状管理自我效能与疾病共性管理自我效能评分均<7分。不同居住地、家庭月收入的患者自我效能感评分差异有统计学意义(t/F值分别为-4.467、7.191,P<0.05)。不同患病年限、是否具有高血压临床症状、是否为原发性或继发性高血压、首次诊断为高血压的方式的社区老年高血压患者自我效能感评分差异有统计学意义(t/F值分别为3.112、8.894、3.471、3.455,P<0.05)。每日食盐摄入不超过6 g、吸烟、饮酒、坚持运动、按处方药量服用降压药、按处方时间服用降压药方面的自我效能感评分差异有统计学意义(H值分别为12.575、33.410、23.194、29.067、24.562、19.769,P<0.05)。610例社区老年高血压患者社会支持问卷评分为(39.162±6.830)分,各维度评分为主观支持(23.264±4.570)分、客观支持(8.330±2.145)分、对支持利用度(7.569±2.175)分。老年高血压患者主观支持评分与症状管理自我效能评分呈负相关(r=-1.060,P=0.009),客观支持评分与疾病共性管理自我效能评分呈正相关(r=0.086,P=0.033),对支持利用度评分与疾病共性管理自我效能评分、自我效能评分正相关(r值分别为0.126、0.099,P值分别为0.002、0.014),社会支持评分与疾病共性管理自我效能评分呈正相关(r=0.121,P=0.003)。居住地、家庭月收入、有无高血压临床症状、日常生活管理中的吸烟、运动、按处方服药时间服用Objective To explore the current level of self-efficacy among elderly patients with hypertension and analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide a basis for interventions to enhance their self-efficacy and improve their quality of life.Methods From July to September 2021,a stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to select 610 elderly hypertension patients from 4 counties(districts)in Wenzhou city,Zhejiang province as the investigation objects.Surveys were conducted using a general information questionnaire,a self-efficacy scale,and a social support scale.SPSS28.0 statistical software was used to analyze the self-efficacy levels of elderly patients with hypertension.Results The self-efficacy score of 610 elderly hypertension patients in community was(5.77±1.96).Symptom management self-efficacy and disease commonality management self-efficacy scores were both<7 points.There were statistically significant differences in self-efficacy scores among patients with different places of residence and monthly family income(t/F=-4.467,7.191,P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the self-efficacy scores of“no more than 6g daily salt intake”,smoking,drinking,adhering to exercise,taking antihypertensive drugs according to prescription dose,and taking antihypertensive drugs according to prescription time(H=12.575,33.410,23.194,29.067,24.562,19.769,P<0.05)The social support questionnaire score of 610 elderly hypertension patients was(39.162±6.830)points,the subjective support score was(23.264±4.570)points,the objective support score was(8.330±2.145)points,and the utilization rate of support was(7.569±2.175)points.There was a negative correlation between subjective support score and symptom management self-efficacy score in elderly hypertension patients(r=-1.060,P=0.009),and a positive correlation between objective support score and disease commonality management self-efficacy score(r=0.086,P=0.033)Support utilization score was positively correlated with disease commonality management sel

关 键 词：高血压 老年人 自我效能 影响因素 

分 类 号：R544.1[医药卫生—心血管疾病] R181.3+7[医药卫生—内科学]