“不得不”的话语关联与语义内涵  

Discourse relevance and semantic connotation of budebu(不得不)in Chinese

作　　者：王凯[1] 赵春利[1] WANG Kai;ZHAO Chunli

机构地区：[1]暨南大学文学院

出　　处：《华文教学与研究》2025年第1期59-70,共12页TCSOL Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“现代汉语方式副词的句法语义与分类排序研究”(22BYY135);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(暨南领航计划19JNLH04);广东省高等学校珠江学者岗位计划资助项目(2019)。

摘　　要：本文以语义语法为理论基础,按照从宏观话语关联到微观句法分布的顺序,提取“不得不”的语义内涵。第一,综述前人研究并指出不足:性质界定有分歧、话语关联不完整、语义情态不精准和语用分析未验证;第二,提取“外转折内因果”的逻辑关联和“势驱必为”的语义关联;第三,从主客观角度将原因分为客观形势和主观情势,前者包括不利形势和消极势变,后者包括目的关联和假设情势;第四,“不得不”主要分布于肯定陈述句的状语位置,多与惯常、已然、终后、重复、即刻和接序六类客观性副词同现;第五,依据复句位置、句类选择、主语选择、同现副词、代词回指、谓语结构,可以证明言者视角的客观性;第六,提取语义内涵:言者客观陈述行为主体因为情形势驱而做出非主动的必要施为结果。Based on the theory of semantic grammar,this paper extracts the semantic connotation of budebu(不得不)according to the order from macro discourse association to micro syntactic distribution.Firstly,four deficiencies in previous studies on budebu are presented:disputes in its definition,incomplete discourse correlation,inaccurate semantic connotation and unverified pragmatic analysis.Secondly,extracting the logical association of“external adversativenes and internal causality”and the semantic association of“must-dos driven by state of affairs”.Thirdly,from the subjective and objective points of view,the reasons are divided into objective situations and subjective situations.The objective situations include the unfavorable situation and the negative situation,and the subjective situations include the purpose correlation and the hypothetical situation.Fourthly,budebu is mainly distributed in the adverbial position of affirmative declarative sentences,usually co-occurring with six types of objective adverbs:“habitual”adverbs,“already”adverbs,“final”adverbs,“repetitive”adverbs,“immediate”adverbs and“sequential”adverbs.Fifthly,through complex sentence position,sentence type selection,subject selection,co-occurrence adverb,pronoun anaphora and predicate structure of the budebu sentence,the objectivity of the speaker's perspective can be proved.Finally,extraction of the semantic connotation of budebu:the speaker objectively states that the agent is driven by the situation and makes an involuntary and necessary result.

关 键 词：不得不 势驱必为 客观性 必要性 非主动 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]