东干语语言传承断裂表征及归因研究  

A study on the characterization and attribution of language inheritance rupure in Donggan language

作　　者：闫丽[1] 吴勇毅 YAN Li;WU Yongyi

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学国际文化交流学院 [2]华东师范大学国际汉语文化学院

出　　处：《华文教学与研究》2025年第1期116-126,共11页TCSOL Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“中文纳入‘一带一路’沿线重点国家国民教育体系研究及数据库建设”(20AZD131);教育部人文社会科学研究项目“基于语料库的汉语二语会话修正及其应用研究”(19YJA740064);自治区高校基本科研业务费科研项目“新疆战略视域下中亚国际中文教育的新使命与实现路径”(XJEDU1024J063);新疆维吾尔自治区教育厅中亚基地建设项目“涵养中亚人脉资源构建新疆高校留学生汉语教学新模式研究”;2024年新疆师范大学博士(后)科研启动基金项目“新疆华文教育创新发展机制与路径研究”(XJBSRW2024008)。

摘　　要：东干语作为一种跨境汉语方言,已在境外生存了140多年,日渐濒危。本研究运用Python编程语言构建了东干人口语语料库,并进行语料分析,揭示了东干语在不同代际间的使用差异,结果表明,中老年群体在日常生活中较多使用东干语,而青少年群体则普遍转用俄语,且老、中、青三代均存在不同程度的语码转换现象。利用NVivo12.0对东干语传承断裂的影响因素进行质性分析,识别出六个主要的内外部影响因素,包括东干语的社会功能受限、东干语自身发展停滞、东干人的语言认同降低、东干语的教学萎缩、资金支持匮乏以及语言文化激励机制的消减等。这些因素在政治、语言和经济三大维度的相互作用下,共同构成了东干语传承断裂的复杂成因。Donggan language,as a cross-border Chinese dialect,has been in use abroad for more than 140 years and is increasingly endangered.In this paper,a corpus of Donggan population's language is established by using Python language.The analysis of the corpus shows that Donggan population has a great generational difference,the middle-aged and elderly people use Donggan language more in daily life,while the teenagers generally switch to Russian,and code-switching occurs in the old,middle-aged and young people.NVivo12.0 was used to analyze the factors of Donggan language inheritance rupture,and it is found that Donggan language inheritance rupture is mainly influenced by the following six internal and external factors:(1)The social function of Donggan language decreases,(2)the body of Donggan language does not develop,(3)Donggan language users'awareness decreases,(4)the teaching of Donggan language shrinks,(5)the educational funds are deficient,(6)incentive measures are inadequate,etc.Political,economic,and linguistic variables have led to significant changes in language use.

关 键 词：东干语 语言传承断裂 表征 影响因素 语码转换 

分 类 号：H195.3[语言文字—汉语]