精神科护士的正念特征潜在类别及影响因素分析  

An Analysis of the Latent Classes of Mindfulness and Influencing Factors in Psychiatric Nurses

作　　者：张科 王嘉怡 潘小石 张娣 吴辉[1] Zhang Ke;Wang Jiayi;Pan Xiaoshi(School of Health Management,China Medical University,Shenyang 110122)

机构地区：[1]中国医科大学健康管理学院,110122 [2]苏州大学红十字国际学院

出　　处：《中国卫生统计》2024年第6期851-856,共6页Chinese Journal of Health Statistics

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(LJKMR20221215)。

摘　　要：目的本研究旨在通过潜在剖面分析来明确精神科护士的正念潜在类别及其影响因素,以期为后续设计简短且针对性的正念干预来减轻精神科护士的工作压力,提高心理健康水平。方法采用便利抽样方法,选取辽宁省某精神卫生中心的300名精神科护士为研究对象,通过一般人口学资料问卷(性别、年龄、婚姻状况、教育背景、疾病情况等)和五因素正念量表(FFMQ-SF)调查正念水平。采用SPSS Statistics 21.0进行描述统计及相关性分析,采用Mplus进行潜在剖面分析(LPA)以探索精神科护士正念特征的潜在类别。对分类后的数据进行χ^(2)检验和单因素方差分析比较不同正念类别护士的人口学因素的正念水平分布差异,并采用多因素logistic回归分析影响精神科护士正念特征类别的因素。结果300名精神科护士平均年龄为37.98±9.84岁,总体正念均分为67.27±7.43分。精神科护士在正念水平方面可以被分为四类,即高正念组(38.0%)、不判断组(36.3%)、有判断的低觉知组(5.0%)及观察描述组(20.7%)。多元logistic回归分析显示,与高正念组相比,年龄小的护士进入不判断组及有判断的低觉知组概率更大;工作量繁重的护士进入不判断组概率更大;月收入≤5000元的护士进入观察描述组的概率更大;患有基础疾病的护士进入不判断组与观察描述组的概率更大。不同正念类别护士在总正念水平及五个分维度得分上也存在差异。结论精神科护士正念特征存在4种潜在类别,年龄、性别、月收入、基础疾病及工作量皆是影响精神科护士分入高正念组的因素。Objective This study aims to clarify the potential categories of mindfulness of psychiatric nurses through latent profile analysis and to analyse the influencing factors in order to provide a reference for the subsequent design of brief and targeted mindfulness interventions to reduce work stress and improve mental health of psychiatric nurses.Methods 300 psychiatric nurses from a mental health center in Liaoning Province were selected by convenience sampling method to investigate the level of mindfulness through a general demographic questionnaire(gender,age,marital status,educational background,illness,etc.)and the short version of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire(FFMQ-SF).SPSS Statistics 21.0 was used for descriptive statistics and correlation analysis of variables,and Mplus was used for latent profile analysis(LPA)to explore the potential categories of mindfulness characteristics of psychiatric nurses.The categorized data were subjected toχ^(2)test and one-way ANOVA to compare the demographic information and differences in mindfulness levels among nurses in different categories,and multifactorial logistic regression was used to analyze the factors affecting the categories of mindfulness characteristics of psychiatric nurses.Results A total of 300 psychiatric nurses were included in the study,with a mean age of 37.98±9.84 years and a mean total mindfulness score of 67.27±7.43.The psychiatric nurses could be categorized into four groups according to their level of mindfulness:the high mindfulness group(38.0%),the nonjudgmental group(36.3%),the judgmental low awareness(5.0%),and the observationally described group(20.7%).Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that,compared with the high mindfulness group,nurses with younger age had a greater likelihood of being in the nonjudgmental group and the judgmental low awareness group;nurses with heavy workload had a greater likelihood of being in the nonjudgmental group;nurses with a monthly income of≤5000 yuan had a greater likelihood of being in the

关 键 词：精神科护士 正念 潜在剖面分析 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]