南疆盐碱地种植饲用甜高粱对土壤改良效果和生产性能的影响  

Effects of Planting Sweet Sorghum on Soil Improvement and Production Performance in Saline-alkali Land of Southern Xinjiang

作　　者：阿曼姑·艾麦尔艾力 乃比·阿不来提 艾比布拉·伊马木 阿扎提古丽·奥布力卡斯木 Amangu·Aimaieraili;Naibi·Abulaiti;Aibibula·Yimamu;Azhatiguli·Aobulikasimu(College of Grassland Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology,Urumqi 830052,China;Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture,Artux 845350,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业学院,新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州畜牧兽医局,新疆阿图什845350

出　　处：《华北农学报》2024年第S1期159-166,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2022B02042-2)。

摘　　要：为探究饲用甜高粱在盐碱地的生产性能以及土壤改良效果,在南疆种植中科甜438号饲用甜高粱,测定其产量,并且饲用甜高粱种植前和收割后在盐碱地上选取0~10 cm,10~20 cm,20~30 cm土层,测定比较分析土壤理化性质、土壤离子和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:饲用甜高粱种植后土壤总盐度、pH值、电导率呈下降趋势,与种植前相比,Na^(+)、K^(+)、HCO_(3)^(-)、Cl^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)含量及全钾、全磷、有效磷和碱解氮含量下降,而Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)含量及土壤总孔隙度、有机质、全氮、速效钾含量均呈上升趋势。土壤阳离子中Mg^(2+)含量最高,阴离子中SO_(4)^(2-)含量高于Cl^(-)。土壤酶活性中,过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性之间无显著差异,而脲酶活性差异显著。与种植前相比,不同土层中10~20 cm土层的变化较明显。相关性分析结果可知,pH值和总盐度之间呈极显著正相关关系;容重和pH值、总盐度之间呈显著正相关关系;蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶之间呈显著正相关关系。上述结果表明,该地区的盐碱土壤是Na 2SO 4为主的土壤类型,并且该地区盐碱地种植饲用甜高粱不仅可以收获高产的饲草,还能降低土壤中的部分离子改善土壤理化性质。In order to explore the production performance and soil improvement effect of sweet sorghum in saline-alkali land,Zhongketian 438 sweet sorghum was planted in Southern Xinjiang,and its yield was measured,in addition,0-10 cm,10-20 cm,20-30 cm soil layers were selected on saline-alkali land before planting and after harvesting of feed sweet sorghum varieties,and the effects of soil physical and chemical properties,soil ions and soil enzyme activities were measured and compared.The results showed that the total salinity,pH value and electrical conductivity of the soil decreased after the planting of sweet sorghum.Compared with before planting,the contents of Na^(+),K^(+),HCO_(3)^(-),Cl^(-)and SO_(4)^(2-)and total potassium,total phosphorus,available phosphorus and available nitrogen decreased significantly,while the contents of Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),total porosity,organic matter,total nitrogen and available potassium increased.The content of Mg^(2+)in soil cation was highest,and the content of SO_(4)^(2-)in anion was the higher than that of Cl^(-).In soil enzyme activity,the activities of catalase,sucrase and alkaline phosphatase were not significantly different,but the urease activity was significantly different.Compared with before planting,the change of 10-20 cm soil layer in different soil layers was more obvious.The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between pH value and total salinity;there was a significant negative correlation between bulk density and pH,total salinity;and a significant positive correlation between sucrase and alkaline phosphatase.The above results showed that the saline-alkali soil in this area is a soil type dominated by Na 2 SO 4,and the cultivation of feed sweet sorghum in the saline-alkali soil in this area could not only harvest high-yield forage grass,but also reduce some ions in the soil to improve soil physical and chemical properties.

关 键 词：饲用甜高粱 盐碱地 土壤理化性质 土壤离子 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S514.01[农业科学—作物学]