不同灌溉施肥组合下添加调理剂对土壤水分养分的影响  

Effects of Adding Conditioner on Soil Moisture and Nutrients under Different Irrigation and Fertilization Combinations

作　　者：杨金翰 田小明 胡晨阳 索文康 董萌萌 郭唯 郝喜英 YANG Jinhan;TIAN Xiaoming;HU Chenyang;SUO Wenkang;DONG Mengmeng;GUO Wei;HAO Xiying(College of Agriculture and Forestry,Hebei North University,Zhangjiakou 075000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北北方学院农林科技学院,河北张家口075000

出　　处：《华北农学报》2024年第S1期175-186,共12页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(21326405D);河北省自然科学基金项目(D2020405002);河北北方学院自然科学研究计划项目(XJ2023017)。

摘　　要：为明确在添加土壤调理剂基础上不同灌溉施肥组合对张家口坝上地区土壤养分的影响。设置灌溉频率与施肥量和灌水频率与灌水量2个双因素试验,因素一为不同灌水频率:分别是6 d(D6)、8 d(D8)、10 d(D10);因素二为不同施肥用量:100%施肥(F100)、调理剂+100%施肥(PF100)、调理剂+85%施肥(PF85)、调理剂+70%施肥(PF70);因素三为不同灌水量:100%灌水(W100)、85%灌水(W85)、70%灌水(W70),共24个处理,分析不同灌溉施肥水平对土壤含水量和养分的影响以及各土层间养分的变化规律。结果表明,高频或中频灌水(D6或D8)的土壤平均含水量在0~60 cm土层中最高。与中频灌水(D8)处理相比,D6处理能够显著提高0~20 cm土壤有机质以及20~40 cm土壤全氮和速效钾含量。与常规灌水和施肥(F100和W100)相比,PF100和PW100均能够显著提高0~20 cm土层土壤含水量、全氮、速效磷、速效钾以及20~40 cm土壤平均有机质和硝态氮含量。在添加土壤调理剂基础上减水减肥仍然能够显著提高表层的土壤养分含量。PF85、PW85或PF70、PW70能够显著提高0~20 cm土层平均土壤有机质(14.4%~19.0%)、全氮(2.2%~11.2%)、速效磷(22.2%~41.7%)、速效钾(4.9%~42.8%)以及20~40 cm土层平均土壤硝态氮(20.8%~95.0%)含量。通过相关性分析可知,土壤含水量在高频灌水条件下,与有机质、全氮和土壤速效钾(R^(2)=0.081,0.092,0.166)以及在中频灌水条件下,与土壤速效磷和速效钾(R^(2)=0.114,0.153)均呈极显著正相关。综上所述,高频灌溉条件下100%施肥和70%灌水+调理剂(PF100D6和PW70D6)水肥组合对土壤养分的提高为最优,该结果可为我国北方干旱及其他环境相似地区的灌溉施肥优化管理提供科学依据。In order to clarify the effects of different irrigation and fertilization combinations on soil nutrients in Bashang area of Zhangjiakou on the basis of adding soil conditioner.Two two-factor tests were set:irrigation frequency and fertilizer amount,irrigation frequency and irrigation amount.Factor one was different irrigation frequency:6 d(D6),8 d(D8)and 10 d(D10).The second factor was different fertilizer dosage:100%fertilizer(F100),conditioner+100%fertilizer(PF100),conditioner+85%fertilizer(PF85),conditioner+70%fertilizer(PF70).The three factors were different irrigation amounts:100%irrigation(W100),85%irrigation(W85),70%irrigation(W70),a total of 24 treatments.The effects of different irrigation and fertilization levels on soil water content and nutrients as well as the changes of nutrients in different soil layers were analyzed.The results showed that the average water content of soil with high frequency or medium frequency irrigation(D6 or D8)was the highest in 0-60 cm soil layer.Compared with medium frequency irrigation(D8)treatment,D6 treatment could significantly increase the soil organic matter content of 0-20 cm and the total nitrogen and available potassium content of 20-40 cm soil.Compared with conventional irrigation and fertilization(F100 and W100),PF100 and PW100 could significantly increase the average soil water content,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium content in 0-20 cm soil layer,and the average organic matter and nitrate nitrogen content in 20-40 cm soil layer.In addition to the soil conditioner,water reduction and weight loss can still significantly increase the surface soil nutrient content.PF85,PW85 or PF70,PW70 could significantly increase the average soil organic matter(14.4%-19.0%),total nitrogen(2.2%-11.2%),available phosphorus(22.2%-41.7%),available potassium(4.9%-42.8%)and the average soil nitrate nitrogen in 20-40 cm soil layer(20.8%-95.0%).The correlation analysis showed that soil water content was positively correlated with organic matter,total nitrogen a

关 键 词：调理剂 灌水频率 施肥量 灌水量 土壤含水量 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学] S157[农业科学—农业基础科学]