微咸水灌溉对冬小麦田温室气体排放和土壤微生物群落的影响  

Effects of Saline Water Irrigation on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Microbial Communities in Winter Wheat Fields

作　　者：张文文 董心亮 董文旭[2] 王金涛 张雪佳 孙宏勇 ZHANG Wenwen;DONG Xinliang;DONG Wenxu;WANG Jintao;ZHANG Xuejia;SUN Hongyong(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730000,China;Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050022,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,河北石家庄050022

出　　处：《华北农学报》2024年第S1期219-227,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFE0114500)。

摘　　要：为探究不同矿化度微咸水灌溉对冬小麦田土壤CO_(2)、N_(2)O、CH_(4)等温室气体排放和土壤微生物群落的影响,于2023年3-6月在中国科学院南皮生态农业试验站进行了3种(1,3,5 g/L,W1、W3和W5)矿化度微咸水灌溉冬小麦的大田试验。结果表明,从冬小麦返青期至收获期间,CO_(2)排放呈现出前期高,中期低,后期又上升的趋势;N_(2)O排放表现为前期高后期低的变化趋势;CH_(4)则在正与负排放之间波动。与W1处理相比,W3处理土壤CO_(2)和N_(2)O平均排放速率显著较低,CO_(2)和N_(2)O平均排放速率分别降低39.4%,68.9%。W5土壤CO_(2)和N_(2)O平均排放速率降低21.9%,40.0%,但统计学意义上无显著差异。不同浓度微咸水灌溉,对于土壤微生物α多样性影响较小,但显著改变了其群落结构。聚类分析表明,W1和W5处理的微生物组成存在显著差异,而W3的聚类结果介于W1和W5之间。相关分析表明,CO_(2)排放速率与土壤TN含量呈显著正相关,N_(2)O排放速率与土壤TN、TOC、DOC以及MBC呈显著正相关,土壤NO_(2)和CH_(4)排放速率分别与S0134 terrestrial和Sphingomonas以及Subgroup 25的丰度呈显著正相关。RDA分析表明,影响Sphingomonas和Subgroup 25丰度的关键理化因子分别为pH值、NH_(4)+、EC和DOC。综上所述,使用3 g/L的微咸水灌溉,能够在不显著增加土壤含盐量的基础上,降低土壤呼吸速率,减少农田碳排放量,是北方缺水区微咸水灌溉冬小麦的适宜灌溉水阈值。To investigate the impact of saline water irrigation on greenhouse gas emissions,including CO_(2),N_(2)O,CH_(4),and the soil microbial community in winter wheat fields,three types of saline water with different salinity levels(1,3,and 5 g/L,denoted as W1,W3,and W5)were employed.Field experiments were conducted at the Nanpi Eco-Agriculture Experimental Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences from March to June 2023.The results indicated that CO_(2)emissions had similar trends in the different saline water irrigation treatments during the wheat growing stages,which were high in the early stage,low in the middle stage,and high in the late stage.N_(2)O emissions exhibited a trend of high values in the early period and lower values in the later stages.While,CH_(4)showed fluctuations between positive and negative emissions.Comparative analysis revealed that the average CO_(2)and N_(2)O emission rates in W3 treatment were significantly lower than in W1,with reductions of 39.4%and 68.9%,respectively.The average CO_(2)and N_(2)O emission rates in W5 treatment decreased by 21.9%and 40.0%,although the difference was not statistically significant.Saline water irrigation with different concentrations minimally affected soil microbialα-diversity but significantly altered community structure.Cluster analysis demonstrated a significant difference in microbial composition between W1 and W5,with W3 positioned between the two treatments.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between CO_(2)and N_(2)O emission rates and soil TN,while there was a significant positive correlation between N_(2)O emission rate and soil TN,TOC,DOC,MBC,respectively.Soil N_(2)O and CH_(4)emission rates correlated positively with the abundance of S0134 terrestrial and Sphingomonas and Subgroup 25,respectively.Redundancy analysis(RDA)identified pH,NH_(4)+,EC,and DOC as key physicochemical factors influencing the abundance of Sphingomonas and Subgroup 25.In conclusion,irrigation with 3 g/L mildly saline water can redu

关 键 词：冬小麦田 温室气体 咸水灌溉 微生物群落 微咸水矿化度 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]