特大型煤矿区“三生”时空格局分异及功能协同研究  

Research on the spatial and temporal pattern differentiation and functional synergy of the“production-living-ecological”in mega coal mining areas

作　　者：李菡璎 冯宇 白中科[1,2,3] LI Hanying;FENG Yu;BAI Zhongke(Department of Land Science and Technology,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Land Reclamation in Mining Areas of Loess Plateau,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100083,China;Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Restoration in Mining Areas,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)土地科学技术学院,北京100083 [2]自然资源部黄土高原矿区土地复垦野外科学观测研究站,北京100083 [3]自然资源部矿区生态修复工程技术创新中心,北京100083

出　　处：《中国矿业》2025年第1期91-101,共11页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“晋北典型露天矿区生态系统服务演变与驱动机制研究”资助(编号:U1810107)。

摘　　要：矿产资源开发导致区域生产-生活-生态(“三生”)空间失衡,影响生态系统服务功能的协同与提升,加剧“能源安全”“粮食安全”“生态安全”矛盾冲突。开展矿区“三生”空间协同研究,对保障绿色矿山建设具有重要意义。本文以特大型煤矿区−平朔大型露天煤矿为研究区,基于1990年、2005年、2012年和2021年土地利用数据,从自然环境和社会经济两方面筛选驱动因子,采用PLUS模型和马尔可夫(Markov)模型预测未来矿区2030年土地利用分布情况;通过对比分析和模型参数修正,设置自然发展、耕地保护、生态保护三种情景进行分析。研究结果表明,1990—2021年间影响土地利用变化主要是社会因素,尤其是道路铁路这一类因子;“三生”功能呈现局部提升、整体下降态势;生态保护情景和矿区未来规划较为匹配,并呈现出生态空间在北部区域集聚、生活空间在西南部区域集聚、生产空间与其他空间交叉分布的特点。研究结果可为矿区土地资源合理布局、矿-农-城空间格局优化、“三生”空间冲突缓解提供科学依据和决策参考。The development of mineral resources has led to an imbalance of the production-livingecological space in region,affecting the synergy and enhancement of ecosystem service functions and exacerbating the conflicts between energy security,food security and ecological security.It is of great significance to conduct a synergy study on“production-living-ecological”space to support the construction of green mines.This paper takes the Pingshuo large open-pit coal mine,a mega coal mining area,as the research area,with the land use data of 1990,2005,2012 and 2021.A prediction of the future land use distribution of the Pingshuo Mine Area in 2030 is screened based on the driving factors of Natural environment and socio-economic,using the Markov model and the PLUS model.Through comparative analysis and modification of model parameters,three scenarios of natural development,farmland protection,ecological protection are established for scenario analysis.The results of the study show that social factors,especially the factors such as roads and railways,are the main influences on land use changes from 1990 to 2021.The“production-living-ecological”function shows a partial increase but an overall decrease.The multi-scenario analysis shows that the ecological protection scenario is more suitable for this study area and characterized by a concentration of ecological space in the northern region,a major distribution of living space in the southwestern region,and a crossdistribution of productive space with other two spaces.The results of the study can provide scientific basis and decision-making reference for the appropriate distribution of land resources in the mining area,the optimization of the spatial pattern of mining-agriculture-urban area,the enhancement of regional spatial coordination capacity,and the mitigation of spatial conflicts among the“production-livingecological”space in the mining areas.

关 键 词：“三生”空间 土地利用 时空分异 空间格局 平朔矿区 

分 类 号：TD212[矿业工程—矿井建设] F205[经济管理—国民经济]