基于可拓-层次分析模型的工程爆破效果评价及试验验证  

Effect evaluation and experimental validation of engineering blasting based on extension-analytic hierarchy process model

作　　者：倪苏黔 徐颖[1,2] 杨荣周 姚象洋 远彦威 丁进甫 NI Suqian;XU Ying;YANG Rongzhou;YAO Xiangyang;YUAN Yanwei;DING Jinfu(School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan Anhui 232001,China;State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines,Huainan Anhui 232001,China;CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei Anhui 230026,China;School of Civil and Resource Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学土木建筑学院,安徽淮南232001 [2]省部共建深部煤矿采动响应与灾害防控国家重点实验室,安徽淮南232001 [3]中国科学技术大学中国科学院材料力学行为和设计重点实验室,安徽合肥230026 [4]北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2024年第12期129-139,共11页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(52074009,52274071);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB3401504)。

摘　　要：为确保爆破下穿高速公路期间车辆正常通行及隧道既有支护结构安全,提出基于可拓-层次分析(AHP)模型的工程爆破效果评价方法。首先,建立爆破效果评级标准及指标体系,将该模型应用至某引水工程评价中;其次,采用AHP法确定评价指标权重,并计算得到爆破评级综合关联度;最后,开展声波探测试验、爆破冲击波试验及爆破地震波试验,综合验证爆破效果评级结果。结果表明:通过可拓-AHP模型计算出综合关联度Q_( j(X-M)),隧道掘进爆破效果评定为Q_(max)=-0.017,评价等级为爆破效果良好。隧洞围岩松动圈范围较小且分布均匀,围岩稳定性的影响范围为0.5~0.6 m,爆炸能量没有造成岩石破裂带向内进一步延伸迹象。爆破地震波在不同波频下的能量衰减趋势不同,但衰减速度在整体上具有高频成分能量大于低频成分能量表现;在同通道下,随着爆源与测点距离的增大,整体振动波形变窄,具有主频先增后减、主频域往低频方向移动表现。爆破冲击波超压峰值衰减特征满足P_(S)=αl^(-γ),且随着爆源距的增大,爆破冲击波超压衰减系数呈递增趋势,布测范围属于冲击波衰减区,隧洞口处及施工外区的冲击波峰值超压趋于收敛。In order to ensure the normal passage of vehicles and the safety of the existing tunnel support structure during the blasting through the highway,the evaluation method of engineering blasting effect based on extension-AHP model was proposed.Firstly,by means of investigation and analysis,the blasting effect rating standard and index system were established,and the model was applied to the evaluation of a water diversion project.Secondly,AHP was used to determine the weights of evaluation indexes,and the combined relevance degree of blasting rating was calculated.Finally,the results of the blasting effect rating were verified by acoustic detection test,blasting shock wave test and blasting seismic wave test.The study shows that the combined relevance degree Q_(j(X-M))is calculated by extension-AHP model.The blasting effect of the tunnel boring is Q_(max)=-0.017,and the evaluation grade is a good blasting effect.The surrounding rock loose circle of the tunnel is relatively small and evenly distributed.The influence range of the surrounding rock stability is about 0.5-0.6 m.The blasting energy does not cause the rock rupture zone to further extend the signs of the inward.The energy attenuation trend of blasting seismic waves is different under different wave frequencies.However,the attenuation rate is greater than that of low-frequency component energy in the overall performance of high-frequency component energy.In the same channel,with the increase of the distance between the blasting source and the measurement points,the overall vibration waveform becomes narrower.The main frequency increases first and then decreases,and the main frequency domain moves to the low-frequency direction.The overpressure peak attenuation characteristic of blasting shock wave meets P_(S)=αl^(-γ).With the increase in the distance from the blasting source,blasting shock wave overpressure attenuation coefficient is an increasing trend.The measurement range belongs to the shock wave attenuation zone.The shock wave overpressure peak of the

关 键 词：可拓-层次分析(AHP)模型 爆破效果评价 声波探测 爆破冲击波 爆破地震波 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]