高速轴向柱塞泵吸油压力对空化特性的影响  

Impact of Suction Pressure on Cavitation Characteristics in High-speed Axial Piston Pump

作　　者：李莹 徐良玉 王飞[1] 李帅 马健伟 杨亚森 LI Ying;XU Liangyu;WANG Fei;LI Shuai;MA Jianwei;YANG Yasen(School of Mechanical Engineering,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao,Hebei 066004;Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Heavy Fluid Power Machinery Transmission and Control,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao,Hebei 066004)

机构地区：[1]燕山大学机械工程学院,河北秦皇岛066004 [2]河北省重型机械流体动力传输实验室,河北秦皇岛066004

出　　处：《液压与气动》2025年第1期50-60,共11页Chinese Hydraulics & Pneumatics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52375063);河北省教育厅科研项目(BJK2023043);宁波市重点研发科技计划(2023Z046)。

摘　　要：高速轴向柱塞泵因其体积小且功重比大的特点被广泛应用于航空航天领域,但随着转速的提高,出现吸油能力不足和内部空化现象,限制其转速的提升。研究了柱塞泵在不同转速下改变吸油压力对空化现象的影响,并且通过实验验证。结果表明:位于柱塞泵吸油区域的柱塞腔、配流盘三角槽、柱塞缸体吸油孔内出现明显的空化现象,提高吸油压力可以抑制空化现象的发生;泵在任一吸油压力下都有其不发生空化的最大临界转速。研究成果可以指导高速轴向柱塞泵吸油区域的优化设计。High speed axial piston pumps are widely used in the aerospace industry due to their small size and high power to weight ratio.However,as the speed increases,there is insufficient oil absorption capacity and internal cavitation,which limits the increase in speed.The effect of changing the suction pressure of a piston pump at different speeds on cavitation phenomenon are studied and verified it through experiments.The results show that significant cavitation occurs in in the piston chambers,triangular grooves of the distributor plate in the oil suction area,and oil suction holes of the piston cylinder.Increasing the oil suction pressure can suppress the occurrence of cavitation.It is found that the pump has its maximum critical speed without cavitation under any suction pressure.The research results can guide the optimization design of the oil suction area of high-speed axial piston pumps.

关 键 词：空化 流场分析 结构优化 性能测试 

分 类 号：TH137[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]