基于短时调和分析的广东惠州双月湾潟湖体系潮汐动力特征分析  

Analysis of tidal hydrodynamics characteristics of the Shuangyue Bay Lagoon system in Huizhou,Guangdong based on modified harmonic analysis model using the credo of smoothness

作　　者：王雅君 张司一 欧素英 蔡华阳 朱馨雨 朱磊 WANG Yajun;ZHNAG Siyi;OU Suying;CAI Huayang;ZHU Xinyu;ZHU Lei(Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Research,School of Ocean Engineering and Technology,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Estuarine Hydraulic Technology,Guangzhou 510275,China;Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Coasts,Islands and Reefs,Guangzhou 510275,China;Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering(Zhuhai),Zhuhai 519000,China;School of Ocean Sciences,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学海洋工程与技术学院,河口海岸研究所,广东广州510275 [2]河口水利技术国家地方联合工程实验室,广东广州510275 [3]广东省海岸与岛礁工程技术研究中心,广东广州510275 [4]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海),广东珠海519000 [5]中山大学海洋科学学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《热带海洋学报》2025年第1期93-107,共15页Journal of Tropical Oceanography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52279080);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目区域联合基金-青年项目(2020A1515110367)。

摘　　要：潟湖体系的潮汐动力对其地貌演变、生态环境保护与海岸带资源的可持续开发利用等具有重要影响。以广东惠州双月湾潟湖为研究靶区,基于2020—2023年4次潮位观测资料,采用基于光滑导纳原理的短时调和分析(modified harmonic analysis model on the basis of the credo of smoothness,MHACS)模型和数理统计方法初步探讨该潟湖体系潮波传播和变化过程。结果表明,双月湾潟湖体系平均潮差为0.52~0.69m,潮波从口门传播至潟湖上段,其能量明显减小,特别是上游区域的潮波衰减率为近口门段20倍,潮波传播速度亦降低至近口门段的12%。在潟湖中,半日潮M2、全日潮K1和浅水潮M4占据主导,其振幅分别为23.06cm、30.4cm和7.74cm。其中,全日潮和半日潮的振幅月变化较为稳定,而浅水分潮的季节波动更加明显,尤其是向上游传播时,分潮的振幅和迟角季节性变化更为显著。潮波通过口门传入双月湾潟湖,受地形辐聚与底床摩擦效应影响,不同河段的潮波传播速度差异显著,尤其是半日潮在口门区的传播速度普遍高于全日潮。各分潮在潟湖内的振幅衰减明显,特别是S2、M4和MS4分潮的振幅梯度最为显著(4×10^(−6)m^(−1))。The tidal dynamics of lagoon systems exert profound influences on their geomorphic evolution,ecological conservation,and sustainable development of coastal resources.This study focuses on the Shuangyue Bay Lagoon in Huizhou,Guangdong Province.Utilizing four sets of tidal level observations from 2020 to 2023,we employed a modified harmonic analysis model based on the principle of smoothness(MHACS)alongside statistical methods to preliminarily investigate the propagation and variation processes of tidal waves within the lagoon system.The results reveal that the average tidal range in the Shuangyue Bay lagoon system spans from 0.52 to 0.69 m.As tidal waves propagate from the mouth to the upper reaches of the lagoon,their energy diminishes significantly,with an attenuation rate in the upstream region approximately 20 times greater than that near the mouth.Additionally,the propagation speed of tidal waves decreases to approximately 12%of its value near the mouth.Dominant tidal constituents within the lagoon include the semi-diurnal tide M2,diurnal tide K1,and shallow-water tide M4,with amplitudes of 23.06 cm,30.4 cm,and 7.74 cm,respectively.While the amplitudes of diurnal and semi-diurnal tides exhibit relatively stable monthly fluctuations,shallow-water tides display more pronounced seasonal variations,particularly evident when propagating upstream,where the amplitude and phase lag of tidal components undergo significant seasonal changes.Tidal waves enter the Shuangyue Bay Lagoon through its mouth,encountering influences from terrain convergence and bottom friction effects.The propagation speed of tidal waves varies significantly across different river sections,with the speed of semi-diurnal tides generally higher in the mouth area compared to diurnal tides.Moreover,the amplitude attenuation of each tidal component within the lagoon is substantial,particularly notable for the amplitude gradient of S2,M4,and MS4 tidal constituents,which reaches up to 4×10^(−6)m^(−1).

关 键 词：基于光滑导纳原理的短时调和分析(MHACS) 潮波传播 T-tide 潮波衰减 传播速度 

分 类 号：P731.22[天文地球—海洋科学]