咸丰年间的长芦盐政与地方社会——以中国第一历史档案馆馆藏奏折题本为考察中心  

Changlu Salt Administration and Local Society dur-ing the Period of Xianfeng--An Investigation Based on Memorials to the Throne from the First Historical Archives of China

作　　者：常冰霞 冯永明 CHANG Bingxia;FENG Yongming

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学社会学与法学学院 [2]山西师范大学历史与旅游文化学院

出　　处：《北京档案》2025年第1期59-65,共7页Beijing Archives

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国近代社会组织和国家基层治理文献整理与研究”(项目编号:23&ZD248)的阶段性成果;山西省哲学社会科学规划课题“清代河东巡盐御史与盐务监察研究”(课题编号:2021YJ096)的研究成果。

摘　　要：清代盐政,旧制以巡盐御史充任,代表朝廷巡视地方盐务。清前期长芦盐政承担着督催盐课、缉查私盐、纠察盐官的盐务监督职权。在近代社会的转型中,长芦盐政的职权逐渐发生了变化。咸丰年间长芦盐政一方面仍承担着督催盐课的基本职权,另一方面衍生出防守地方的事权。面对长芦盐商引课乏力、灶户灶力拮据,长芦盐政督催引课、额征灶课的应对之策,对地方盐务和民力恢复产生了重要影响。在天津地方防守事务中,长芦盐政被赋予天津防守事权,其妥筹布置地方防守,激励练勇,督率兵勇截剿贼匪,有力地维护了天津地方社会的秩序。长芦盐政由督催盐课的基本职权衍生至防守地方事权,异化为地方行政权力,偏离了本来的盐务监督权力。Salt administration in the Qing Dynasty used to appoint salt inspec⁃tors as officials,who represented the impe⁃rial court to inspect local salt affairs.In the early Qing Dynasty,Changlu salt adminis⁃tration was responsible for supervising salt tax,investigating illegal salt,and supervis⁃ing salt officials.In the transformation of modern society,the authority of Changlu salt administration had gradually changed.During the Xianfeng period,Changlu salt ad⁃ministration still bore the basic authority of supervising and urging salt tax collection on the one hand,on the other hand derived the power to defend region.Confronted with weak payment of Changlu salt mer⁃chants and salt-makers difficulties,Chang⁃lu salt administration's countermeasures of supervising salt tax collection and levying salt-makers had significant impact on local salt administration and the restoration of ci⁃vilian force.In the local defense affairs of Tianjin,Changlu salt administration was granted the authority to defend Tianjin.By setting up local defense,motivating militia⁃man and leading soldiers to combat bandits and thiefs,Changlu salt administration ef⁃fectively maintained the order of local soci⁃ety in Tianjin.The basic authority of Chang⁃lu salt administration had evolved from su⁃pervising and urging salt tax collection to defending local affairs,deviating from their original salt affaris supervision power.

关 键 词：咸丰年间 长芦盐政 地方社会 督催盐课 防守地方 

分 类 号：F426.82[经济管理—产业经济] K252[历史地理—历史学] G275.1[历史地理—中国史]