种鸽饲粮粗蛋白质水平对乳鸽生长性能、屠宰性能及肠道菌群结构的影响  

Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Level on Growth and Slaughtering Performance and Intestinal Microflora Structure of Squabs

作　　者：王静 梁贵晨 付睿 王泽武 臧长江[1] 李凤鸣[1] WANG Jing;LIANG Guichen;FU Rui;WANG Zewu;ZANG Changjiang;LI Fengming(College of Animal Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Kashgar Kunlun Cuiling Pigeon Industry Limited Liability Company,Kashgar 844000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学动物科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆喀什昆仑翠翎鸽业有限责任公司,喀什844000

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2025年第1期107-120,共14页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2022B02057-3);新疆农业大学大学生创新项目。

摘　　要：[目的]探讨“2+2”(1对亲鸽1个繁殖周期哺育2只乳鸽)生产模式条件下种鸽饲粮粗蛋白质水平对乳鸽生长性能、屠宰性能及肠道微生物菌群及结构的影响。[方法]选取繁殖性能相近的12~18月龄健康哺育期塔里木鸽种鸽60对,共分5个处理组,每个处理组12对种鸽,每对种鸽哺育2只乳鸽,饲喂能量水平为12.64 MJ/kg、粗蛋白质(CP)水平分别为12%、13%、14%、15%、16%的饲粮。预饲期3 d,正式试验期28 d。每3 d测定乳鸽体重,待乳鸽28日龄出雏后,每组选取8只乳鸽进行屠宰,并测定其屠宰性能及空肠肠道菌群结构。[结果](1)种鸽饲粮粗蛋白质水平对乳鸽体重和平均日增重均有显著影响(P<0.05)。乳鸽体重随着日龄增加呈线性增加,乳鸽平均日增重先降低后升高,呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05),其中CP13%组乳鸽平均日增重最大。(2)种鸽饲粮粗蛋白质水平对乳鸽屠宰率、腹脂率、胸肌率和翅膀率均有显著影响(P<0.05),其中CP16%组乳鸽屠宰率显著高于CP13%和CP14%组(P<0.05)。(3)在门水平上,乳鸽肠道菌群各组排名前十的有放线菌门、厚壁菌门、TM7、蓝菌门、变形菌门、拟杆菌门、软壁菌门、OP11、绿弯菌门、芽单胞菌门,其中CP16%组变形菌门相对丰度显著高于CP14%、CP15%组(P<0.05);在科水平上,各组排名前十的有棒状杆菌科、乳杆菌科、红蝽菌科、梭菌科、丹毒丝菌科、肠球菌科、韦荣球菌科、放线菌科、双歧杆菌科、Rs-045,其中CP14%、CP15%、CP16%组红蝽菌科相对丰度显著高于CP12%组(P<0.05),CP14%、CP16%组双歧杆菌科相对丰度显著高于CP12%、CP13%组(P<0.05);在属水平上,各组排名前十的有棒状杆菌属、乳杆菌属、奇异菌属、分节丝状菌属、肠球菌属、韦荣氏球菌属、双歧杆菌属、布雷德菌属、放线菌属、动弯杆菌属,其中CP14%、CP16%组双歧杆菌属相对丰度显著高于CP12%、CP13%组(P<0.05);CP15%、CP16%组奇异菌属相对丰度显[Objective]The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary protein level on growth,slaughter performance,intestinal microflora and structure of squabs under the"2+2"production mode(1 pair of parent pigeons feeding 2 squabs in 1 breeding cycle).[Method]60 pairs of healthy Tarim breeding pigeons aged 12-18 months,with similar reproductive performance,were randomly divided into 5 groups,with 12 pairs in each group,and each pair bred 2 squabs.The breeder pigenons were fed diets with energy level of 12.64 MJ/kg and different crude protein(CP)levels(12%,13%,14%,15%and 16%),respectively.The experiment had a 3-day pre-experimental period and a 28-day experimental period.The body weight of squabs was measured every 3 days,and 8 squabs in each group were slaughtered at 28 days of age,and their slaughter performance and jejunal microbial community structure were measured.[Result]①Dietary protein level had significant effects on body weight and average daily gain of squabs(P<0.05).The body weight of squabs increased linearly with the increase of day age,and the average daily gain of squabs first decreased and then increased,showing a quadratic curve change(P<0.05).The average daily gain of squabs in CP13%group was the largest.②Dietary protein level had significant effects on the slaughter rate,abdominal fat rate,breast muscle rate and wing rate of squabs(P<0.05),and the slaughter rate of CP16%group was significantly higher than that of CP13%and CP14%groups(P<0.05).③At the phylum level,the top ten in each group were Actinomyces,Firmicutes,TM7,Cyanobacteria,Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Parasicutes,OP11,Chloromyces and Blastomonas.The relative abundance of Proteobacteria in CP16%group was significantly higher than that in CP14%and CP15%groups(P<0.05).At the family level,the top ten species in each group were Corynebacteriaceae,Lactobacillaceae,Rhodiaceae,Clostridiaceae,Erysipelothriaceae,Enterococcaceae,Veillonaceae,actinomyceaceae,Bifidobacteriaceae and Rs-045.The relative abundance of Rhodiace

关 键 词：塔里木鸽 蛋白质水平 生长性能 屠宰性能 菌群结构 

分 类 号：S863[农业科学—野生动物驯养]