基于世界家马群体遗传结构构建藏马特异性遗传标签  

Construction of Specific Genetic Markers for Tibetan Horses Through Population Structure Analysis of Global Domestic Horses

作　　者：王心彤 张艳丽 龚颖 刘雪雪[2] 蒋琳[2] 马月辉[2] 刘书琴 浦亚斌 WANG Xintong;ZHANG Yanli;GONG Ying;LIU Xuexue;JIANG Lin;MA Yuehui;LIU Shuqin;PU Yabin(College of Animal Science and Technology,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;Institute of Animal Science of CAAS,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学动物科技学院,青岛266109 [2]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2025年第1期238-248,共11页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(32002144);农业科学科技创新计划(ASTIP-IAS01)。

摘　　要：[目的]基于对世界家马群体结构和遗传多样性的分析,建立藏马特异性遗传标签,为藏马的鉴定提供理论基础。[方法]利用世界范围内47个品种共404匹马的基因组重测序数据,基于全基因组范围的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点进行群体结构和遗传多样性分析,并构建藏马特异性遗传标签。[结果]全基因组重测序共获得了8 917 800个高质量的SNPs;世界家马群体结构分析结果显示,设特兰矮马与其他群体之间存在显著的祖先遗传差异;群体遗传多样性分析结果表明,中东、欧美的家马以及其他亚洲地区家马经历强烈的选育压力后遗传多样性下降,而中国家马保持了良好的遗传多样性;构建的包含110个SNPs位点的藏马特异性标签能够有效区分藏马与世界范围内的其他家马,识别准确率达到100%。[结论]世界家马群体结构复杂,西方马群体具有更为相似的遗传背景和较低的遗传多样性,而中国家马拥有较高的遗传多样性,具有更大的选育潜力。本研究构建的藏马特异性遗传标签为世界范围内藏马品种的鉴定提供了理论依据,同时也为中国地方马的保护和开发提供了新的技术支持。[Objective]This study was aimed to construct specific genetic markers for Tibetan horses based on the analysis of the population structure and genetic diversity of domestic horses,so as to provide a theoretical basis for identification of Tibetan horses.[Method]This study conducted population structure and genetic diversity analysis of global domestic horses and construct specific genetic markers for Tibetan horses utilizing genome sequences data of 404 horses from 47 breeds.[Result]The whole-genome resequencing yielded a total of 8917800 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP).The results of the global domestic horse population structure analysis revealed significant ancestral genetic differences between Shetland ponies and other groups.The population genetic diversity analysis indicated that compared with Middle Eastern,European and American horses,as well as other Asian horse breeds,which had experienced strong selective breeding pressure and consequently a decrease in genetic diversity,Chinese domestic horses had maintained good genetic diversity.A set of 110 SNPs specific markers for Tibetan horses was constructed,which could effectively distinguish Tibetan horses from other domestic horses worldwide,with an identification accuracy rate of 100%.[Conclusion]In summary,the global domestic horse population structure was complex.Western horse populations had more similar genetic backgrounds and lower genetic diversity,whereas Chinese domestic horses possessed higher genetic diversity,offering greater breeding potential.The specific genetic markers for Tibetan horses developed in this study provided a theoretical basis for the identification of Tibetan horse breeds worldwide and offered new technical support for the conservation and development of local Chinese horse breeds.

关 键 词：家马 藏马 群体结构 遗传多样性 遗传标签 

分 类 号：S821.2[农业科学—畜牧学]