磷钾伴生矿中钾在氟硅酸-盐酸体系下的浸出行为  

Leaching Behavior of Potassium from Phosphorus-Potassium Associated Ore in Fluorosilicic Acid-Hydrochloric Acid System

作　　者：张梦飞 王晓东 韩庆文 马家玉[1,2] 周俊锋 汪铁林[1,2] ZHANG Mengfei;WANG Xiaodong;HAN Qingwen;MA Jiayu;ZHOU Junfeng;WANG Tielin(School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430205,China;Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430074,China;Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory,Yichang 443000,China;Xingfa School of Mining Engineering,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉工程大学化工与制药学院,湖北武汉430205 [2]武汉工程大学磷资源开发利用教育部工程研究中心,湖北武汉430074 [3]湖北三峡实验室,湖北宜昌443000 [4]武汉工程大学兴发矿业学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《化学与生物工程》2025年第2期16-23,共8页Chemistry & Bioengineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1905803);湖北省重点研发计划项目(2022BCA086);云南省重点研发计划项目(202103AA080007);湖北三峡实验室创新基金项目(SC211016);武汉工程大学科学研究基金项目(K202002)。

摘　　要：以磷化工废弃物氟硅酸替代氟化钙作为酸浸助剂,研究了磷钾伴生矿中的钾在氟硅酸-盐酸体系下的浸出行为,通过单因素实验探讨了氟硅酸用量、盐酸质量分数、反应温度、液料比和反应时间对钾浸出率的影响,并对浸出行为的动力学与热力学进行了分析。结果显示,当氟硅酸用量m(氟硅酸)∶m(伴生矿)为0.4∶1、盐酸质量分数为22%、反应温度为80℃、液料比为8∶1(mL∶g)、反应时间为6 h时,钾浸出率可达82%左右;动力学分析表明,钾的浸出过程满足固体产物层扩散控制的收缩球核模型,表观活化能为51.913 kJ·mol^(-1),建立了基于参数累积效应的反应动力学方程;热力学分析表明,钾浸出过程属于吸热非自发过程,升温有利于钾的浸出。Using phosphorus chemical waste fluorosilicic acid to replace calcium fluoride as an acid leaching agent,we studied the leaching behavior of potassium from phosphorus-potassium associated ore in the fluorosilicic acid-hydrochloric acid system.Moreover,we discussed the effects of fluorosilicic acid amount,hydrochloric acid mass fraction,reaction temperature,liquid-solid ratio,and reaction time on the leaching rate of potassium by single-factor experiments.Furthermore,we conducted kinetic and thermodynamic analyses on the leaching behavior.The results show that the leaching rate of potassium can reach about 82%when the fluorosilicic acid amount m(fluorosilicic acid)∶m(associated ore)is 0.4∶1,the hydrochloric acid mass fraction is 22%,the reaction temperature is 80℃,the liquid-solid ratio is 8∶1(mL∶g),and the reaction time is 6 h.The kinetic analysis shows that the potassium leaching process satisfies the shrinking spherical nucleus model controlled by the diffusion of solid layer,and the apparent activation energy is 51.913 kJ·mol^(-1).Meanwhile,we establish the reaction kinetic equation based on the cumulative effect of parameters.The thermodynamic analysis indicates that the potassium leaching process belongs to an endothermic non spontaneous process,and increasing the temperature is beneficial for the leaching of potassium.

关 键 词：磷钾伴生矿 钾 氟硅酸 浸出行为 动力学 

分 类 号：TQ443[化学工程—化学肥料工业]