雾灵山野生软枣猕猴桃表型遗传多样性  

Phenotypic genetic diversity of wild Actinidia arguta in Wulingshan

作　　者：陈彩霞 李婷 孙建国 王瑞辉[3] 张海江 张薇薇 崔华蕾 马小欣 王波 陈怡妍 王蕊 CHEN Caixia;LI Ting;SUN Jianguo;WANG Ruihui;ZHANG Haijiang;ZHANG Weiwei;CUI Hualei;MA Xiaoxin;WANG Bo;CHEN Yiyan;WANG Rui(Hebei Wulingshan National Nature Reserve Management Center,Chengde 067300,Hebei,China;Jiangxi Academy of Forestry,Nanchang 330013,Jiangxi,China;Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]河北雾灵山国家级自然保护区管理中心,河北承德067300 [2]江西省林业科学院,江西南昌330013 [3]中南林业科技大学,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《经济林研究》2024年第4期51-61,共11页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：河北省林业和草原科学技术研究项目(2208074)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解雾灵山野生软枣猕猴桃的遗传多样性,为华北地区的优良品种选育和性状改良提供依据。【方法】以40份雾灵山野生软枣猕猴桃为试验材料,采用多样性分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析,对10个质量性状和10个数量性状进行遗传多样性研究。【结果】10个质量性状的遗传多样性指数变化范围在0.8865~1.4662;其中,叶片表型性状中叶片基部形状的遗传多样性指数最大,果实表型性状中果实形状的遗传多样性指数最大。10个数量性状的遗传变异系数范围在12.34%~37.36%,多样性指数的变化范围在1.2356~1.4972;其中,单果质量的遗传变异系数最大(37.36%),叶柄长的多样性指数最高(1.4972)。叶片数量性状之间存在显著或极显著相关性,果实数量性状之间存在极显著相关性,叶柄长和可溶性固形物含量之间存在显著相关性。主成分分析提取的前3个主成分因子能够反映40份样本78.268%的多样性信息。第一主成分主要反应果实外观性状,包括单果质量、果实横径、果实纵径;第二主成分主要反应叶片性状,包括叶长、叶宽;第三主成分主要反应果实口感,为可溶性固形物含量。聚类分析可将40份资源根据叶片性状分为7类,根据果实性状分为7类,每类叶片和果实性状均存在显著差异。【结论】雾灵山地区野生软枣猕猴桃的遗传多样性丰富、遗传变异程度高,选育潜力大。通过遗传变异特征分布频率概括出该地区野生软枣猕猴桃的表型特征,为研究燕山地区软枣猕猴桃的进化提供依据。确定单果质量、果实横径、果实纵径、叶长、叶宽和可溶性固形物含量为华北地区野生软枣猕猴桃表型遗传多样性评价的重要指标。利用叶片和果实聚类分析结果为华北地区的选育提供基础。【Objective】To learn about the phenotype genetic diversity of wild Actinidia arguta in Wulingshan mountain and provide a basis for trait improvement and superior varieties breeding and selection in North China.【Method】The genetic diversity of 10 quality traits and 10 quantity traits were explored by diversity analysis,correlation analysis,principle component analysis and clustering analysis from 40 test samples of wild Wulingshan A.arguta.【Result】The genetic diversity index of 10 quality traits ranged between 0.8865 and 1.4662,among which,the shape traits of leaf base showed the highest genetic diversity index of leaf phenotype traits and the fruit shape showed the highest genetic diversity index of fruit phenotype traits.The genetic variation coefficient of 10 quantitative traits ranged between 12.34%and 37.36%,and the diversity index ranged from 1.2356 to 1.4972.Among them,the genetic variation coefficient of single fruit mass was the largest(37.36%),and the diversity index of petiole length was the highest(1.4972).The leaf quantity traits were significantly or extremely significantly correlated,the fruit phenotype quantity traits were also extremely significantly correlated,and the length of leaf petiole was significantly correlated to soluble solid content.The top three factors of principal component analysis represented 78.268%diversity information of the 40 samples.The first factor mainly represented fruit appearance traits,including the mass of single fruit,the horizon diameter of fruit and the vertical diameter of fruit.The second factor mainly represented leaf traits,including leaf length and leaf width.The third factor mainly represented fruit taste,meanly soluble solid content.Through clustering analysis,the 40 samples could be divided into 7 groups according to leaf traits,and also could be divided into 7 groups according to fruit traits,the leaf traits and fruit traits of each group were significantly different.【Conclusion】The wild A.arguta in Wulingshan mountain possessed rich genetic

关 键 词：野生软枣猕猴桃 表型性状 遗传多样性 表型特征 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]