施硼方式对番木瓜光合特性和果实品质的影响  

Effects of fertilization methods of boron on photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of papaya

作　　者：周双云[1] 刘增亮[2] 唐文忠[1] 张继[1] 尧金燕[1] 龙兴[1] 方仁[1] 安振宇[1] ZHOU Shuangyun;LIU Zengliang;TANG Wenzhong;ZHANG Ji;YAO Jinyan;LONG Xing;FANG Ren;AN Zhenyu(Horticulture Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,Guangxi,China;Microbiology Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院园艺研究所,广西南宁530007 [2]广西农业科学院微生物研究所,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《经济林研究》2024年第4期117-123,共7页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系广西创新团队项目(No.nycytxgxcxtd-17-15);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(2022JM33);广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目(2021JW60);广西农业科学院基本业务专项(2021YT049)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同施硼方式对番木瓜光合特性和果实品质的影响,可丰富番木瓜硼素营养研究,并为番木瓜栽培技术提供参考。【方法】以‘红铃’番木瓜为供试材料,经不施硼素2个月的预处理后,设置土壤施硼、叶面喷施硼、树干注射施硼3种不同方式的施硼处理,以不施硼为对照,分别于施硼0、10、20、40 d后测量叶片叶绿素含量、叶片净光合速率、胞间CO_(2)浓度、气孔导度、蒸腾速率,第40天对果实维生素C含量、可滴定酸含量和可溶性固形物含量进行分析。【结果】不同方式施硼处理后,‘红铃’番木瓜叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率随着时间的延长均表现为先上升后下降的趋势,而胞间CO_(2)浓度则表现为先下降后上升的趋势。叶片的叶绿素含量越高则净光合速率也越大。处理10天时,各处理的叶片净光合速率大小为树干注射施硼>叶面喷施硼>土壤施硼>不施硼,且差异性显著,说明不同方式外源施硼处理均能显著提高番木瓜叶片光合作用;处理40天时,树干注射施硼处理番木瓜叶片的净光合速率和叶绿素含量仍能维持较高水平,且显著高于其他方式的施硼处理。不同方式的施硼处理均能显著降低番木瓜果实畸形率,提高果实中的维生素C和可溶性固形物的含量,一定程度上降低可滴定酸的含量,提高果实品质。【结论】番木瓜对硼素敏感,不施硼素2个月后,不同方式的施硼处理均能一定程度上提高番木瓜叶片的光合作用,显著降低番木瓜果实畸形率,提高果实品质。其中,叶面喷施硼处理缓解缺硼症效果前期较好,但效果持久性较差;土壤施硼不仅缓解效果不佳且作用缓慢;树干注射施硼具有时效长、吸收快、环境友好等特点。综上所述,推荐‘红铃’番木瓜的施硼方法采用树干注射的方式。【Objective】The effects of different fertilization methods of boron on photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of papaya were studied to enrich the boron nutrition research and to improve the cultivation technology of papaya.【Method】The“Red Bell”papaya was used as our experimental material,three different fertilization methods of boron were set up including soil boron application,foliar boron application and trunk injection boron application,after 2 months without boron application,and no boron application was used as the control,then the photosynthetic physiological indexes were determined on the 0th 10th,20th,and 40th day after the application of boron,including the chlorophyll content of leaves,net photosynthetic rate,intercelluar CO_(2) concentration,stomatal conductivity,transpiration rate of the leaves,and the content of vitamin C,titrable acid,soluble solid of fruits were also determined on the 40th day after treatments.【Result】With the prolongation of the treatment time,the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductivity and transpiration rate of papaya leaves of different fertilization methods of boron were increased at first and then decreased,while the intercellular CO_(2) concentration of leaves were decreased at first and then increased.If the chlorophyll content of a leaf was higher,then the net photosynthetic rate of the leaf was aslo higher.It indicated that the exogenous boron application in different fertilization methods could significantly increase the photosynthesis in the papaya leaves,and the net photosynthetic rate of leaves in descending order was trunk injection boron application>foliar boron application>soil boron application>no boron application.The net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of leaves in trunk injection boron application treatment were still able to maintain high levels and were significantly higher than those of the other fertilization methods of boron on the 40th day after treatments.The malformation rate of papaya fruits were significantly

关 键 词：番木瓜 缺硼 施硼方法 光合特性 果实品质 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]