不同硒肥及喷硒时期对灰枣果实品质的影响  

Effects of different selenium fertilizers and spraying periods on fruit quality of‘Huizao’jujube

作　　者：孙武 张宇阳 周晓凤 袁泽 郝庆[3] 吴翠云[1,2] SUN Wu;ZHANG Yuyang;ZHOU Xiaofeng;YUAN Ze;HAO Qin;WU Cuiyun(College of Horticulture and Forestry,Tarim University,Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization Corps in Tarim Basin,Tarim University,Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China;Horticultural Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学园艺与林学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]塔里木大学塔里木盆地生物资源保护利用兵团重点试验室,新疆阿拉尔843300 [3]新疆农业科学院园艺所,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《经济林研究》2024年第4期124-135,共12页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：新疆红枣产业技术体系专项资金项目(XJCYTX-01-01-2024);兵团重点领域科技攻关项目(2023AB004-04)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确合适的硒肥和喷硒时期,为提升灰枣果实品质,培育新疆富硒灰枣提供参考与建议。【方法】以灰枣为试验材料,使用了亚硒酸钠、有机富硒营养剂、纳米硒肥3种硒肥配方,在幼果期+膨大期、膨大期+白熟期、幼果期+白熟期3个时期对灰枣叶面进行喷硒,测量果实外在品质(单果质量、纵径、横径、果形指数)、内在品质含量(V_(C)、蛋白质、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、黄酮、总酚)和矿质元素含量(C、N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Se),通过方差分析与相关性分析,探究不同硒肥配方和喷硒时期对灰枣果实品质的影响。【结果】不同硒肥处理下:3种硒肥处理均显著降低灰枣单果质量、纵径、Ca含量、Mg含量;亚硒酸钠对提升灰枣果实各项内在品质指标最为显著;纳米硒肥对提升灰枣果实C、N、Se含量最为显著。不同喷硒时期处理下:幼果期+膨大期、幼果期+白熟期处理均显著降低灰枣单果质量、纵径;膨大期+白熟期处理对提升灰枣各项内在品质指标、Se元素含量较为显著。两者交互作用下:3个时期施纳米硒肥后显著降低灰枣单果质量、纵径、横径;在膨大期+白熟期施用亚硒酸钠可显著提升灰枣各项内在品质;在膨大期+白熟期施用有机富硒营养剂、纳米硒肥可显著提升N、Se元素含量。【结论】3种硒肥中,亚硒酸钠对提升灰枣果实内在品质最佳,纳米硒肥对提升灰枣果实矿质元素含量最佳。3种喷硒时期中,膨大期+白熟期为最佳喷硒时期。所有施硒处理均显著提高了灰枣果实硒含量,较CK提高了6~20倍,可达0.06~0.20 mg/kg,符合富硒食品标准和食品安全标准。综合所述,建议在果实膨大期+白熟期使用亚硒酸钠叶面喷施的方法培育富硒灰枣。【Objective】The aim was to clarify the appropriate selenium fertilizer and selenium spraying period,so as to provide reference and suggestions for improving the fruit quality of‘Huizao’jujube and cultivating selenium-rich‘Huizao’jujube products in Xinjiang.【Method】With‘Huizao’jujube as the test material,three selenium fertilizer formulations of sodium selenite(A1),organic selenium-enriched nutrient agent(A2)and nano-selenium fertilizer(A3)were used to spray selenium on the leaves of‘Huizao’jujube in three application periods of young fruit+expansion period(B1),expansion period+white ripening period(B2)and young fruit+white ripening period(B3).The external quality(single fruit mass,longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,fruit shape index),internal quality(V_(C),protein,soluble solids,soluble sugar,titratable acid,flavonoids,total phenols)and mineral element content(C,N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Se)were measured.Through variance analysis and correlation analysis,the effects of different selenium fertilizer formulations and selenium spraying periods on the quality of‘Huizao’fruit were explored.【Result】Under different selenium fertilizer treatments,three kinds of selenium fertilizer treatments significantly reduced the single fruit mass,longitudinal diameter,Ca content and Mg content of jujube.A1 had the most significant effect on improving the internal quality indexes of jujube fruit.A3 had the most significant effect on increasing the content of C,N and Se in jujube fruit.Under different selenium spraying periods:B1 and B3 treatments significantly reduced the single fruit mass and longitudinal diameter of‘Huizao’jujube;B2 treatment had a significant effect on improving the internal quality indexes and Se element content of‘Huizao’jujube.Under the interaction of the two treatments:after the application of A3 in the three periods,the single fruit mass,longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter of‘Huizao’were significantly reduced the application of A1 in the B2 period significantly im

关 键 词：灰枣 硒 果实品质 矿质元素 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]