不同浓度磷肥对2年生油茶苗生长和养分含量的影响  

Effects of different concentrations of phosphorus fertilizer on growth and nutrient contents of 2-year-old Camellia oleifera seedlings

作　　者：赵雪妍 唐昱 陈卓灵 张学玲[1,2,3] ZHAO Xueyan;TANG Yu;CHEN Zhuoling;ZHANG Xueling(Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Resources Cultivation,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,Jiangxi,China;College of Forestry,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,Jiangxi,China;Key Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration in the Poyang Lake Basin of State Forestry and Grassland Administration,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学亚热带森林培育江西省重点实验室,江西南昌330045 [2]江西农业大学林学院,江西南昌330045 [3]江西农业大学鄱阳湖流域森林生态系统保护与修复国家林业和草原局重点实验室,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《经济林研究》2024年第4期166-173,共8页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32060362);江西省林业局油茶研究专项(YCYJZX〔2023〕111号)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究2年生油茶嫁接苗最适合的外源磷肥浓度,为油茶施肥提供参考。【方法】以油茶‘赣无2号’2年生嫁接苗为试材,进行P0(对照)、P1(30 mmol/L)、P2(60 mmol/L)、P3(90 mmol/L)4种浓度磷肥处理,每个处理3次重复,每次重复3株,共36株,且每个处理中有10株单独记录株高、地径,总计76株。施肥时间分别为4月初、5月初、7月初,取样时间分别为5月初、7月初、9月初。测量油茶苗氮、磷、钾元素含量及其他养分含量以及株高、地径、干质量和主根长等指标。【结果】随着施用磷肥浓度增加,幼苗株高在5月呈现先上升、后缓慢下降的趋势,7月呈平稳趋势,9月呈现先上升、后下降、再缓慢上升的趋势;在P1处理下幼苗地径较P0处理增加了2.45 mm,油茶地径增长被促进,但随着施肥浓度增加,地径增长受到了抑制。在P1处理下,主根长达到最大,比对照组增加了55.73%;在P2处理下,茎的干质量明显增加,比对照组增加了9.02%;在P1处理下,叶的干质量达到最大,比对照组增加了27.32%。在P3处理下,根、叶部的磷元素含量达到最高,比对照组增加了18.90%、6.69%,随着施磷浓度增高,茎部磷含量呈现先降低、后逐渐增加的趋势;在P3处理下,9月叶片中可溶性淀粉含量达到峰值,较P0增长了20.43%,5月叶片中可溶性糖含量最大,较P0处理增加了7.68%。施磷水平与可溶性淀粉含量之间显著正相关(P<0.05),可溶性淀粉含量与叶干质量间极显著负相关,叶干质量与株高、主根长之间显著正相关。【结论】各处理按照9月油茶苗株高由高到低排序,依次为P1、P0、P3、P2;P1处理下,地径达到峰值,叶干质量最大;P2处理下,植株茎干质量最大,但地径指标最小;P3处理下,9月可溶性糖含量达到峰值,5月可溶性淀粉含量最小。综合而言,对2年生油茶苗施加30 mmol/L的磷肥较合适。【Objective】To explore the most suitable exogenous concentration of phosphate fertilizer for 2-year-old grafted seedlings of Camellia oleifera,and to provide reference for fertilization of C.oleifera.【Method】Using 2-year-old grafted seedlings of the C.oleifera‘Ganwu 2’variety as the test material,with four concentrations of phosphate fertilizer P0(control),P1(30 mmol/L),P2(60 mmol/L)and P3(90 mmol/L).Each treatment was repeated three times,three plants were repeated each time,a total of 36 plants,and 10 plants in each treatment were recorded separately for plant height and ground diameter,a total of 76 plants.The fertilization time was early April,early May and early July,and the sampling time was early May,early July and early September,respectively.The contents of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and other nutrients,plant height,ground diameter,dry weight and main root length of C.oleifera seedlings were measured.【Result】With the increase of phosphate fertilizer concentration,the plant height of seedlings showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing slowly in May,a stable trend in July,and a trend of increasing first,then decreasing and then increasing slowly in September;Under P1 treatment,the ground diameter of seedlings increased by 2.45 mm compared with P0 treatment,and the growth of ground diameter of C.oleifera was promoted,but with the increase of fertilization concentration,the growth of ground diameter was inhibited.Under P1 treatment,the main root length reached the maximum,which was 55.73%higher than that of the control group;Under P2 treatment,the dry mass of stems increased significantly,which was 9.02%higher than that of the control group;Under P1 treatment,the dry mass of leaves reached the maximum,which was 27.32%higher than that of the control group.Under P3 treatment,the phosphorus content in roots and leaves reached the highest,which increased by 18.90%and 6.69%compared with the control group.With the increase of phosphorus concentration,the phosphorus content in stems d

关 键 词：油茶苗 磷肥 养分 株高 地径 

分 类 号：S601[农业科学—园艺学]