氮肥减量对库尔勒香梨园土壤微生物量的影响  

Influence of nitrogen fertilizer reduction on soil microbial biomass in Korla scented pear orchards

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作  者:谢文歌 沈幸 李伟 张曦瑜 张峰 何展一 杨乐乐 柴仲平[1,2] XIE Wenge;SHEN Xing;LI Wei;ZHANG Xiyu;ZHANG Feng;HE Zhanyi;YANG Lele;CHAI Zhongping(College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Soil and Plant Ecological Processes Laboratory,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Korla Scented Pear Research Center,Korla 841000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区:[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆土壤与植物生态过程实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]库尔勒市香梨研究中心,新疆库尔勒841000

出  处:《经济林研究》2024年第4期174-185,共12页Non-wood Forest Research

基  金:新疆现代农业产业技术体系人才项目(XJLGCYJSTX05-2024-03);国家自然科学基金项目(32360802);新疆维吾尔自治区“三农”骨干人才培养项目(2022SNGGGCC017);新疆维吾尔自治区重点实验室开放课题(2021D04005)。

摘  要:【目的】探讨库尔勒香梨园在不同氮肥用量下土壤微生物量碳(ω_(c))、土壤微生物量氮(ω_(N))的变化,明确不同氮肥施用量对库尔勒香梨园土壤微生物量的影响,提出最适宜的氮肥施用量,为库尔勒香梨园的合理施肥提供理论基础。【方法】以10~12年生的库尔勒香梨园土壤为材料,通过田间试验的方法,设置不施肥处理(N_(0)P_(0)K_(0))、不施氮肥处理(N_(0)PK)、常规施肥处理(NPK)以及3个氮肥减量梯度处理(N_(1)PK、N_(2)PK、N_(3)PK,分别较常规施肥用氮量减少10%、20%、30%),分别记为CK、N_(0)、N、N_(1)、N_(2)、N_(3)。利用熏蒸提取-容量分析法和熏蒸提取-茚三酮比色法测定土壤微生物量碳和土壤微生物量氮,并分析土壤微生物量与产量之间的相关性。【结果】0~60 cm土层内,随着土层深度的增加,土壤微生物量碳、氮均表现为递减趋势。在整个生育期内,N_(2)、N_(3)处理较N处理下ω_(c)、ω_(N)降低的效果更为显著。坐果期20~40 cm土层中,N_(2)处理较N处理后ω_(c)与ω_(N)的比值显著上升。在坐果期、膨果期20~40 cm土层及成熟期40~60 cm土层中,N_(3)处理较N处理对土壤微生物量碳熵(qC)促进效果显著,但显著降低了库尔勒香梨产量。产量与ω_(c)和ω_(N)的比值、ω_(c)′(土壤有机碳)呈显著正相关,与ω_(c)、ω_(N)、qN、ω_(N)′(土壤全氮)呈极显著正相关。【结论】根据减氮施肥对土壤微生物量与产量的综合影响,推荐10~12年生的库尔勒香梨氮肥施用量为240~270 kg/hm^(2),即完全施氮(300 kg/hm^(2))基础上减氮10%~20%。【Objective】Exploring the changes of soil microbial biomass carbon(ω_(c))and soil microbial mass nitrogen(ω_(N))in Korla pear orchard under different nitrogen fertilizer dosage,clarifies the influence of different nitrogen fertilizer application on soil microbial quantity in Korla pear orchard,and proposed the most suitable nitrogen fertilizer application,which can provide a theoretical basis for the reasonable fertilization in Korla pear orchard.【Method】Taking the soil of 10-12 a Korla pear orchard as the material,field erperiment were conducted to set up no fertilizer treatment(N_(0)P_(0)K_(0)),no nitrogen fertilizer treatment(N_(0)PK),conventional fertilizer treatment(NPK),and three nitrogen fertilizer reduction gradients treatments(N_(1)PK,N_(2)PK,N_(3)PK,respectively,10%,20%,30%less nitrogen than the conventional fertilizer),which were recorded as CK,N_(0),N,N_(1),N_(2),and N_(3),respectively.Fumigation extraction-volumetric analysis and ninhydrin colorimetric method were used to determine soil microbial mass carbon and soil microbial mass nitrogen,and to analyze the correlation between soil microbial mass and yield.【Result】Within the 0-60 cm soil layer,soil microbial mass carbon and nitrogen showed a decreasing trend with the increase of soil depth.Throughout the reproductive period,N_(2)and N_(3)treatments were more effective in reducingω_(c) andω_(N) contents than N treatment.In the 20-40 cm soil layer at the fruit-setting stage,the ratio ofω_(c) toω_(N) values increased significantly with the N_(2)treatment compared with the N treatment.In the 20-40 cm soil layer during fruit-setting and fruit-swelling period and in the 40-60 cm soil layer during maturity stage,the N_(3)treatment promoted soicl microbial carbon entropy(qC)significantly more than the N treatment,but significantly reduced the yield of Korla scented pear;yield and ratio ofω_(c) toω_(N),ω_(c)′(organic carbon)was significantly positively correlated withω_(c),ω_(N),qN,ω_(N)′(total nitrogen)was highly significant posi

关 键 词:库尔勒香梨 氮肥 土壤微生物量 土层深度 

分 类 号:S661.2[农业科学—果树学]

 

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