不同覆盖措施对雷竹林竹笋形态的影响  

Effects of different mulching measures on the morphology of bamboo shoots in Phyllostachys violascens forests

作　　者：祖星兰 施建敏[1,2] 查东平 王芷萱 成院 黎祖尧 申展[1,3] ZU Xinglan;SHI Jianmin;ZHA Dongping;WANG Zhixuan;CHENG Yuan;LI Zuyao;SHEN Zhan(College of Forestry,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,Jiangxi,China;Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Selection and Breeding of Native Tree Species and Efficient Utilization of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330045,Jiangxi,China;Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Resources Cultivation,Nanchang 330045,Jiangxi,China;Nanchang Institute of Technology,Nanchang 330029,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学林学院,江西南昌330045 [2]江西乡土树种良种选育与高效利用江西省重点实验室,江西南昌330045 [3]亚热带森林资源培育江西省重点实验室,江西南昌330045 [4]南昌工程学院,江西南昌330029

出　　处：《经济林研究》2024年第4期186-194,206,共10页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：江西省重点研发计划项目(20232BBF60022);江西省主要学科学术和技术带头人培养计划(领军人才)项目(20225BCJ22006)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索不同林地覆盖措施对雷竹林竹笋形态的影响,为确定促进雷竹笋增高增粗生长的高效覆盖措施提供参考。【方法】选用2种发热物质(枯饼、麦灰)和3种谷壳覆盖厚度(15、25、35 cm)来覆盖雷竹林。测量不同时期、不同土层深度的土壤温度和笋长、笋径,再通过双因素方差分析比较其差异性,分析它们与土壤温度之间的相关性。【结果】使用枯饼、麦灰及不同厚度谷壳覆盖雷竹笋用林,土壤温度均在10℃以上。前4周土壤温度呈上升趋势,第5周开始温度逐渐下降,第13周(翌年2月底)温度达到最低(10.2℃),之后随着气温的上升土壤温度也开始上升。同一种发热物质覆盖时,覆盖厚度越厚土壤温度越高。不同覆盖厚度对竹笋长的增高有显著影响。随着谷壳覆盖厚度变大,笋长变长,当覆盖35 cm谷壳时笋长最长(33.79 cm)。不同发热物质覆盖对笋长的增高有显著影响。使用麦灰作为发热物质时,更有利于竹笋增高。发热物质和谷壳覆盖厚度对雷竹笋径的增粗无显著性影响。笋长和温度存在显著的正相关关系,相关系数为0.943;笋径与温度之间无显著相关性。笋长对土壤温度存在显著的线性回归响应关系(P<0.05);35 cm谷壳覆盖的土壤温度与笋长的线性回归关系优于15 cm。【结论】笋用林覆盖期间,不同覆盖措施对雷竹林竹笋形态有不同影响。采用“麦灰+35 cm谷壳”覆盖可以有效实现竹笋增高生长,提高笋用林产量和效益。【Objective】To explore the effects of different forest cover measures on bamboo shoot morphology in Phyllostachys violascens forests,and provide reference for determining efficient cover measures to promote the growth of bamboo shoots in terms of heightening and thickening.【Method】Two heat-generating substances(dead cake and wheat ash)and three hull cover thicknesses(15,25 and 35 cm)were selected to cover P.violascens forests.Soil temperatures and thunder lengths and diameters were measured at different periods and soil depths,and then their differences were compared by two-way ANOVA to analyze the correlation between them and soil temperatures.【Result】The soil temperatures of the bamboo shoots covered with dry cake,wheat ash and different thicknesses of chaff were all above 10℃.The soil temperatures showed an increasing trend in the first 4 weeks,then gradually decreased from the 5th week,and reached a minimum in the 13th week(the end of February of the following year),after which the soil temperatures began to rise again with the increase of air temperature.When the same heat-generating material was covered,the higher the thickness of chaff cover,the higher the soil temperature.Different thicknesses of husk cover had a significant effect on the increase in length of thunder bamboo.As the thickness of husk cover increased,bamboo shoots became taller and the highest length(33.79 cm)was observed when the husk cover was 35 cm.Different heat generating substances had a significant effect on the increase in length.When using wheat ash as a heating substance,the more favorable it was for bamboo to increase in height.There was no significant effect of heat generating substance and thickness of husk cover on the thickening of thunder length.There was a significant positive correlation between length and temperature,with a correlation coefficient of 0.943;there was no significant correlation between diameter and temperature.There was a significant positive correlation between length and temperature,and there

关 键 词：雷竹林 覆盖措施 竹笋长度 竹笋直径 土壤温度 

分 类 号：S795.9[农业科学—林木遗传育种]