核桃青皮堆肥过程中理化性质及微生物群落的变化  

Changes in physicochemical properties and microbial community diversity during walnut green peel composting process

作　　者：郭金鹏 杨霞 GUO Jinpeng;YANG Xia(College of Forestry,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;Guizhou Forestry Foreign Cooperation and Industrial Development Center,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;Guizhou Walnut Research Institute,Guiyang 550005,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学林学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州省林业对外合作与产业发展中心,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵州省核桃研究所,贵州贵阳550005

出　　处：《经济林研究》2024年第4期275-286,共12页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑〔2019〕2330号)。

摘　　要：【目的】解决核桃青皮的资源化处理问题。【方法】通过对堆肥过程中核桃青皮理化指标和微生物群落物种丰度及群落多样性的测定,分析堆肥过程中微生物群落对核桃青皮的降解作用,明确不同发酵阶段堆肥中的优势菌群。使用KEGG和MetaCyc数据库,对微生物进行了代谢功能分析。【结果】在嗜温期,细菌优势菌群为葡萄球菌属Staphylococcus和沙雷氏菌属Serratia,真菌优势菌群为念珠菌属Candida、青霉属Penicillium、曲霉菌属Aspergillus和Gibellulopsis;在嗜热期,细菌优势菌群为拟诺卡氏属Nocardiopsis,真菌的优势菌群为Sodiomyces;在降温期,细菌的优势菌群为葡萄球菌属、拟诺卡氏属和黄单胞菌属Xanthomonadaceae,真菌的优势菌群为Sodiomyces和念珠菌属;在腐熟期,细菌的优势菌群为海洋芽孢杆菌属Oceanobacillus、葡萄球菌属、华夏芽孢杆菌属Sinibacillus和芽孢杆菌属Bacillus,真菌的优势菌群为unclassified_f__Dipodascaceae、双足囊菌属Dipodascus和Sodiomyces。代谢功能分析结果表明,在代谢过程和生命活动相关途径上微生物相对丰度较高,说明微生物通过活跃的代谢活动对核桃青皮进行了有效降解。堆肥的理化指标与微生物多样性的相关分析结果表明,堆肥的温度、pH值和电导率对微生物属水平上物种的相对丰度影响较大。【结论】在核桃青皮堆肥生产过程中,应重视不同阶段微生物群落的变化,通过调控温度、pH值和电导率等理化指标来优化微生物环境,以提高核桃青皮的降解效率和堆肥质量。【Objective】Solving the problem of resource utilization of walnut green peel.【Method】By measuring the physicochemical indicators,microbial community species abundance,and community diversity during walnut green peel composting process,analyzing the degradation effect of microbial community,and identifying the dominant bacterial groups in compost at different fermentation stages.Microbial metabolic function analysis was conducted using KEGG and MetaCyc databases.【Result】The main bacterial communities during the thermophilic period were Staphylococcus and Serratia,while the dominant fungal communities were Candida,Penicillium,Aspergillus,and Gibellulopsis;During the thermophilic phase,the dominant bacterial community was Nocardiopsis,while the dominant fungal community was Sodiomyces;During the cooling period,the dominant bacterial communities were Staphylococcus,Nocardiopsis,and Xanthomonadaceae.The dominant fungal communities were Sodiomyces and Candida;During the maturation stage,the dominant bacterial groups were Oceanobacillus,Staphylococcus,Sinibacillus,and Bacillus,while the dominant fungal group was unclassified_f__Dipodascuceae,Dipodascus,and Sodiomyce.The functional analysis of microorganisms showed that the relative abundance of microorganisms was high in metabolic processes and life activity related pathways,indicating that microorganisms effectively degraded walnut green peel through active metabolic activities.The correlation analysis between the physicochemical indicators of composting and microbial diversity showed that temperature,pH value,and electrical conductivity of composting had a significant impact on the relative abundance of microbial.【Conclusion】During the composting process of walnut green peels,it was crucial to monitor the changes in microbial communities at various stages.By optimizing the microbial environment through adjustments to physical and chemical indicators,such as temperature,pH value,and conductivity,can enhance both the degradation efficiency of the walnut g

关 键 词：核桃青皮 堆肥 理化性质 微生物群落多样性 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]