复合脉冲钻井提速工具的设计及试验分析  

Design and Experimental Analysis of Composite Pulse Drilling Speed Increasing Tools

作　　者：许朝辉 查春青[3] 范进朝 张谧 XU Zhaohui;ZHA Chunqing;FAN Jinchao;ZHANG Mi(CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited,Beijing 102206,China;National Engineering Research Center for Oil and Gas Drilling and Completion Technology,Beijing 102206,China;Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;CNPC Offshore Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100028,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油集团工程技术研究院有限公司,北京102206 [2]油气钻完井技术国家工程研究中心,北京102206 [3]北京工业大学,北京100124 [4]中国石油集团海洋工程有限公司,北京100028

出　　处：《石油矿场机械》2025年第1期1-5,共5页Oil Field Equipment

基　　金：中国石油天然气集团有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目“万米超深层油气资源钻完井关键技术与装备研究”(2022ZG06);中国石油集团直属院所基础研究和战略储备技术研究基金“油气井破裂套管增材修复机器人关键机构总成研究”(2023DQ03-04)。

摘　　要：为了提高定向井硬质地层中的机械钻速,设计了一种短长度全金属的复合脉冲钻井提速工具。该工具能同时产生高频低幅的扭转冲击和轴向脉动冲击,且两种冲击为串联结构。基于所设计的工具特点及工作原理,利用理论分析与数值模拟相结合的方式,分析了扭转冲击压降及水力脉冲结构内部流场域,并对工具样机进行了性能试验。研究表明,该工具中扭转冲击喷嘴尺寸越小,扭转冲击压降越大,近似成二次函数关系;试验中,摆锤两端面会产生压差波动,两端面的压力呈正压差、负压差交替波动趋势,表明扭转冲击能够及时完成换向,推动摆锤往复运动;该工具中水力脉冲能产生轴向脉动冲击,且压降随流量增加而增大,近似呈二次函数关系,同时明确了轴向水力脉冲产生轴向冲击的原理。该工具的研制为定向井的提速提效提供了一种新手段。In order to enhance the mechanical drilling velocity in challenging formations encountered in directional wells,a compact all-metal composite tool has been developed to facilitate increased drilling speeds.The tool is capable of simultaneously generating high-frequency and low-frequency torsional impacts and axial pulsating impacts,with the two impacts occurring in a series structure.A combination of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation was employed to analyze the torsional impact pressure drop and the internal flow field of the hydraulic pulse structure,based on the characteristics and working principle of the designed tool.A series of performance tests were conducted on the tool prototype.The findings indicate that a reduction in the size of the torsional impact nozzle within the tool results in an increase in the pressure drop of torsional impact,exhibiting a quadratic relationship.In the experiment,fluctuations in the pressure difference between the two end faces of the pendulum were observed,with an alternating trend of positive and negative pressure differences at both ends.It shows that torsional impact can effectively reverse the pendulum′s motion and drive it back and forth in a timely manner.Additionally,the hydraulic pulse in the tool was discovered to generate axial pulsation impact,with the pressure drop increasing in proportion to the flow rate,exhibiting a quadratic function relationship.Furthermore,the principle of axial pulsation generated by axial hydraulic pulses is elucidated.The development of this tool offers a new method for enhancing the speed and efficiency of directional drilling operations.

关 键 词：扭转冲击 轴向冲击 水力脉冲 流场计算 

分 类 号：TE921.2[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]