上海市闵行区消除疟疾后输入性疟疾疫情分析  

IMPORTED MALARIA CASES FOLLOWING LOCAL MALARIAELIMINATION IN MINHANG DISTRICT, SHANGHAI

作　　者：成玉萍[1] 张璐 王宙云 王墩家 朱敏慧[1] 董琳娟 周毅彬 CHENG Yu-ping;ZHANG Lu;WANG Zhou-yun;WANG Dun-jia;ZHU Min-hui;DONG Lin-juan;ZHOU Yi-bin(Minhang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 201101,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市闵行区疾病预防控制中心,上海201101

出　　处：《寄生虫与医学昆虫学报》2024年第4期193-198,共6页Acta Parasitologica et Medica Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：闵行区自然科学基金项目(2024MHZ069)。

摘　　要：目的 分析上海市闵行区消除疟疾后输入性疟疾疫情特点,为巩固消除疟疾成果和进一步完善疟疾防控措施提供依据。方法 上海市闵行区于2015年通过上海市消除疟疾考核评估,收集2016—2023年上海市闵行区疟疾疫情报告信息和个案流行病学调查表,采用描述性流行病学方法对疟疾疫情流行特征、感染来源和发病就诊等情况进行分析。结果 2016—2023年,上海市闵行区共报告病例47例,均为实验室确诊的境外输入性病例,以恶性疟为主。2020年后恶性疟占比高于2016—2019年,二者间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。疟疾病例发病时间无明显季节性,以2月份最多(6例,12.77%),6月份最少(1例,2.13%)。病例以男性青壮年为主,职业以工人最多,病例感染地均为非洲,且主要来自西非(31例,65.96%)。35例病例(74.47%)在入境后14 d内发病,89.36%的病例首选三级医疗机构就诊,首诊确诊率为78.72%,病例发病与就诊、确诊的时间间隔中位数均为1 d。恶性疟病例发病与入境时间间隔中位数为3 d,卵形疟为74 d,间日疟为2 d。结论 消除疟疾后闵行区疟疾监测能力保持较好,今后应加强多部门合作和临床医疗机构的疟疾筛查能力与机制,及时发现疟疾病例,持续巩固消除疟疾成果。Objective The aim of the paper is to analyze the characteristics of imported malaria cases in Minhang District after local malaria elimination,and to improve prevention and control measures.Methods As local malaria was announced eliminated in Shanghai,in 2015,the malaria cases report information in Minhang District from 2016 to 2023 were enrolled to analyze the epidemic characteristics,infection sources,and treatment of malaria with descriptive epidemiological methods.Results A total of 47 cases were reported in Minhang District from 2016 to 2023,all of which were imported cases confirmed by the laboratory,mainly falciparum malaria.The overall proportion of falciparum malaria after 2020 was significantly higher than that from 2016 to 2019,with a statistically significant difference.There was no obvious seasonality in the onset of malaria cases,with a peak in February(six cases,12.77%)and a low in June(one case,2.13%).Most cases were young to middle-aged males and employed workers.All cases originated in Africa,mainly West Africa(35 cases,65.96%).There were 35 cases(74.47%)that occurred within two weeks of arrival and 89.36%of cases preferred tertiary medical facilities for medical services.The initial correct diagnosis rate was 78.72%.The median interval from onset to diagnosis was one day.The median interval from onset to entry was three days for falciparum,74 days for ovale,and two days for vivax malaria.Conclusions Malaria surveillance capacity in Minhang District remained excellent after local malaria elimination.However,imported malaria cases still pose a threat to public health,and multi-sectoral collaboration and health administration should be strengthened to improve clinical malaria screening capacity,diagnostic techniques,and medical management in the future.

关 键 词：疟疾 输入性疟疾 消除 监测 

分 类 号：R382.3[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]