稀有枝角类盾额隆背溞滇池首次记录及其形态特征  

First Record and Morphological Characteristics of Rare Species of Cladocera in Dianchi Lake:Bunops scutifrons

作　　者：陈国柱[1,2,3,4] CHEN Guozhu(Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation,Restoration and Ecological Services,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;National Wetland Ecosystem Fixed Research Station of Danchi,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;National Plateau Wetland Research Center/College of Wetlands,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Dianchi Lake Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学,云南省高原湿地保护修复与生态服务重点实验室,昆明650224 [2]西南林业大学,国家高原湿地研究中心/湿地学院,昆明650224 [3]西南林业大学,云南省滇池湿地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,昆明650224 [4]西南林业大学,滇池湖泊生态系统云南省野外科学观测研究站,昆明650224

出　　处：《四川动物》2025年第1期77-89,共13页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：云南省高原湿地保护修复与生态服务重点实验室开放基金项目(202105AG070002);国家自然科学基金地区基金项目(31960283,32460330);滇池湖泊生态系统云南省野外科学观测研究站项目(202305AM340008)。

摘　　要：在滇池流域首次采集到稀有枝角类物种盾额隆背溞Bunops scutifrons,分布调查显示,盾额隆背溞目前在滇池的5个区域有分布,并首次在鱼类消化道中检出;丰度低(0.1~0.5只/L)、在浮游动物群落中数量占比也极低(<1%)。形态观察显示,盾额隆背溞体型微小,Ⅰ龄期幼溞体长0.35 mm±0 mm(n=4),怀卵雌溞体长0.80 mm±0.11 mm(0.55~1.15 mm,n=287)。未发现雄溞。以典型的颈吸附器、宽厚的隆脊等形态特征,与滇池已知枝角类明显区分;又以成溞壳瓣背缘无明显锯齿与同属的锯尾隆背溞B.serricaudata区分。Ⅰ~Ⅱ龄期幼溞壳瓣背缘有明显锯齿,提示盾额隆背溞与锯尾隆背溞可借助实验分类学方法进行特征鉴别。盾额隆背溞COⅠ序列长677 bp,系统发育树分析显示其与产自墨西哥的锯尾隆背溞相似种B.cf.serricaudata的亲缘关系最为接近,与粗毛溞科Macrothricidae其他已分析物种的亲缘关系较远。盾额隆背溞在滇池的发现为深入研究该物种稀有成因奠定了关键基础,也为进一步了解物种濒危机制提供重要参考。In this study,a rare cladoceran species,Bunops scutifrons,was collected for the first time in Dianchi Lake(Yunnan Province,China),and a systematic study was conducted on its distribution,morphological characteristics,and classification status.B.scutifrons was currently distributed in five sites in the lake,and also detected in the digestive tract of fish.In the zooplankton community,it has a low abundance(0.1−0.5 ind.·L−1)and a very low proportion(<1%).B.scu⁃tifrons was small-sized,and had an average body length of 0.35 mm±0 mm(n=4)in the 1st instar larvae,and 0.80 mm±0.11 mm(0.55−1.15 mm,n=287)in eggs-carrying female adult,respectively.No male has been found.B.scutifrons is clearly distinguished from the recorded Cladocera in Dianchi Lake by its typical neck appendages and wide and thick ridges;and distinguished from B.serricaudata by the absence of serrations on the dorsal edge of valve of adult.However,the obvious serrations on the dorsal edge of valve in juvenile B.scutifrons at the 1st and the 2nd stages suggested that,the taxonomic identification of B.scutifrons and B.serricaudata shoud be determined using experimental taxonomic methods.The COⅠsequence of B.scutifrons is 677 bp in length.The result of phylogenetic analysis showed that B.scutifrons was closely related to B.cf.serricaudata from Mexico,and relatively distant from other analyzed species in the family Macrothricidae.The discovery of B.scutifrons in Dianchi Lake contributes to the in-depth research on this rare species and provides reference for further understanding its endangered mechanism.

关 键 词：盾额隆背溞 分布 形态特征 孵育囊膜片 稀有种 

分 类 号：Q954.1[生物学—动物学]