光束摆动对窄间隙激光横焊焊缝成形及气孔的影响  

Effect of beam oscillating on formation and porosity of weld by narrow gap laser horizontal welding

作　　者：武震东 黄瑞生[1] 曹浩 韩鹏薄 李林 魏鹏宇 WU Zhendong;HUANG Ruisheng;CAO Hao;HAN Pengbo;LI Lin;WEI Pengyu(Harbin Welding Institute Limited Company,Harbin 150028,China)

机构地区：[1]中国机械总院集团哈尔滨焊接研究所有限公司,哈尔滨150028

出　　处：《焊接》2025年第1期8-16,共9页Welding & Joining

基　　金：“国防科技基础加强计划”资助项目。

摘　　要：【目的】为满足船舶设计特殊结构位置的需求,研究了摆动参数(摆动频率和摆动幅度)对单道焊道成形及气孔的影响规律。【方法】以20 mm厚的10Ni5CrMoV高强钢板为试验材料,采用窄间隙摆动激光填丝焊方法进行横焊,测试了焊缝成形及气孔率,检测了激光能量分布及激光在坡口内的空间分布状态。【结果】结果表明,相较于常规激光焊,摆动激光焊可改善10Ni5CrMoV钢的单层焊道成形并有效抑制横焊过程中气孔的产生;摆动幅度是影响表面成形的主要因素,其影响激光能量在坡口内的分布状态从而影响单层焊道的表面成形,该次试验中摆动幅度为2.2 mm时的成形最优;摆动频率是影响气孔产生的主要因素,该次试验中摆动频率大于150 Hz即可避免气孔的产生。【结论】摆动激光抑制窄间隙激光横焊过程中气孔缺陷主要原因是频率增加导致能量分布峰值降低,熔宽增加使气泡逃逸路径增加,熔深降低使得逃逸路程降低,因此,深宽比小的焊道可以有效避免气孔产生。最后采用合理的摆动幅度和摆动频率实现了20 mm高强钢窄间隙激光横焊。[Objective]In order to meet requirements of special structural position of ship design,influence of oscillating parameters(oscillating frequency and oscillating amplitude)on formation and porosity of single pass was studied.[Methods]20 mm thick 10Ni5CrMoV high strength steel plate was used as test material,narrow gap oscillating laser welding with filler wire was used for horizontal welding.Formation and porosity of weld were measured,and laser energy distribution and spatial distribution state of laser in groove were measured.[Results]The results showed that,compared with conventional laser welding,oscillating laser welding could improve single pass formation of 10Ni5CrMoV steel and effectively inhibit formation of porosity during horizontal welding process.Oscillating amplitude was the main factor affecting surface formation,which affected distribution state of laser energy in groove and thus affected surface formation of single pass.In this test,when oscillating amplitude was 2.2 mm,the formation was the best.Oscillating frequency was the main factor affecting formation of porosity,and oscillating frequency greater than 150 Hz could avoid formation of porosity in this test.[Conclusion]The main reason for oscillating laser to suppress porosity defects in the process of narrow gap laser horizontal welding was that peak energy distribution decreased due to the increase of frequency,bubble escape path increased due to the increase of weld width,and decrease of penetration made escape distance decrease.Therefore,pass with a small penetration-width ratio could effectively avoid formation of porosity.Finally,reasonable oscillating amplitude and oscillating frequency were used to realize narrow gap laser welding of 20 mm thick high strength steel.

关 键 词：窄间隙激光填丝焊 横焊 摆动激光 焊道成形 气孔 

分 类 号：TG456.7[金属学及工艺—焊接]