岩溶区路面径流水化学环境特征  

Hydrochemical Characteristics of Pavement Runoff in Karst Areas

作　　者：罗祺 周泽昶 黄芬[2,4] 马杰 朱士龙 郭永丽 池福祥 LUO Qi;ZHOU Ze-chang;HUANG Fen;MA Jie;ZHU Shi-long;GUO Yong-li;CHI Fu-xiang(Guangxi Xinfazhan Communication Group Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530029,China;Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics,MNR and GZAR,Institute of Karst Geology,CAGS/International Research Centre on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO/National Center for International Research on Karst Dynamic System and Global Change,Guilin 541004,China;Guangxi Communications Design Group Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530011,China;Pingguo Guangxi,Karst Ecosystem,National Observation and Research Station,Pingguo 531406,China)

机构地区：[1]广西新发展交通集团,南宁530029 [2]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室/联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心/岩溶动力系统与全球变化国际联合研究中心,桂林541004 [3]广西交通设计集团有限公司,南宁530011 [4]广西平果喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,平果531406

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2025年第2期502-512,共11页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：广西自然科学基金(2023GXNSFAA026473,桂科AD21196001,桂科AB22035010);广西交通运输行业重点科技项目(XFZ-KY-LYH-20200112);中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所基本科研业务费(2023019);中国地质调查项目(DD20230547);国家自然科学基金(42261144672);自然资源科技战略研究项目(2023-ZL-23)。

摘　　要：岩溶区路面径流极易经落水洞、天窗、溶潭等进入岩溶含水系统,影响水环境质量,威胁人类健康,很有必要开展路面径流水化学环境特征研究。收集了丫吉、清水桥和白竹境公路路面径流,利用多元统计方法、内梅罗指数法和综合污染指数法分析路面径流水化学组分来源特征及其影响因素,以及水化学环境质量。路面径流水化学组分相关性分析可知,外界环境因素对路面径流中常规水化学离子的影响较小,而对微量元素的影响程度较高。对比地表水水质标准和饮用水水质标准,可知影响公路路面径流水环境的指标为NH_(3)-N、TP、COD_(Mn)、SS、Mn、Hg和TFe,与路面状况、周围植被和车流等因素密切相关,来源于燃料、润滑油、废油、汽油、轮胎磨损和植被维护等。利用主因子分析法提取4个主因子的累计方差贡献率高达97.99%,综合分析4个主因子的表征含义,碳酸盐岩风化产物是公路路面径流水化学组分的主要来源;其次是大气和路面颗粒物是影响路面径流感官指标的主要因素;最后是人类活动的影响,包括公路运行状况、周边农作物和植被等养护。利用内梅罗指数法和综合污染指数法的评估结果,可知清水桥、丫吉和白竹境路面径流水化学环境质量状况依次降低,白竹境路面径流水化学环境质量普遍较差,对周围水生态环境具有潜在风险。以上研究结果可为路面径流处理措施提供科学指导,为岩溶水资源合理开发利用提供科学依据。Pavement runoff could enter the karst aquifer system through sinkholes,karst windows,karst pools in karst areas,which could influence the karst water environment quality.Consequently,it is necessary to study the hydrochemical environment characteristics of pavement runoff in karst areas.Pavement runoff of Yaji,Qingshuiqiao and Baizhujing were sampled,characteristics of hydrochemical compounds and their influencing factors,hydrochemical environment quality were analyzed using multiple statistical method,Nemerow index method and comprehensive pollution index method.External influencing factor has small influences on the common hydrochemical ions,while has great influences on these trace elements.The compounds influencing the water environment of pavement runoff were nutrient compounds(NH_(3)-N,TP,COD_(Mn)),landscape compound(suspended solids)and metal compounds(Mn,Hg and TFe)by analyzing the concentrations of hydrochemical compounds of pavement runoff.These compounds have close relationships with pavement behaviors,surrounding vegetations,traffic flow and came from fuel,lube,slop oil,gasoline,worn tyre and vegetations.Four main factors with the cumulative variance contribution rate of 97.99%were extracted from the monitoring dataset using the factor analysis method.It could be known from the four main factors that carbonates weathering was the main source of hydrochemical compounds of pavement runoff,the second was the particles of atmospheric and pavement influencing the SS of pavement runoff,the third was the human activities including pavement behaviors and protective measures of surrounding vegetations.Hydrochemical environment quality of Qingshuiqiao,Yaji and Baizhujing decreased in turn by using the Nemerow index method and comprehensive pollution index method.Hydrochemical environment quality of Baizhujing were poorest,which had potential risks for the water ecological environment,the pavement runoff could be reused for the surrounding vegetations through reasonable measurements.The results could not only pr

关 键 词：路面径流 水化学组分 水化学环境 水环境质量 

分 类 号：P641[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]