摩托车发动机冷却水套流场分析及水套结构优化  

Flow Field Analysis in Motorcycle Engine Cooling Water Jacket and Its Structure Optimization

作　　者：谭礼斌 袁越锦[1] TAN Li-bin;YUAN Yue-jin(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xi'an 710021,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Sichuan University of Science and Engineering,Yibin 643020,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学机电工程学院,西安710021 [2]四川轻化工大学机械工程学院,宜宾643020

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2025年第2期582-591,共10页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51876109)。

摘　　要：对摩托车单缸发动机、双缸发动机及四缸发动机冷却水套内冷却液循环流动过程进行了分析,研究了水套内冷却液流速及水套壁面换热系数分布,基于冷却液循环流动路径分析进行了冷却水套结构优化。结果表明:单缸发动机排气侧及鼻梁区冷却液流速较低,鼻梁区存在零流速区域;双缸发动机两缸冷却液流速分布不均匀,两缸间衔接处中间区域冷却液流速较低;四缸发动机各缸也存在冷却液流速不均匀的问题。通过冷却液循环流动路径分析明确了各缸垫上水孔冷却液的流动方向及其作用,结合高温区域需重点冷却的设计准则对3种类型发动机冷却水套的缸垫上水孔布局、水套局部流通面积进行了优化,优化后3种类型发动机冷却水套排气侧及鼻梁区等高温区域的冷却液流速都达到流速不低于1.5 m/s的要求,各缸冷却液流速差异减小。经发动机热平衡验证,3种类型发动机冷却水套结构优化都可有效降低缸头火花塞垫片温度及减小各缸火花塞垫片温度的差异,验证了水套结构优化方案的有效性。An analysis was conducted on the circulating flow process of coolant in the cooling water jacket of motorcycle single cylinder engines,twin cylinder engines,and four cylinder engines.The analysis of coolant flow velocity and water jacket wall heat transfer coefficient were conducted.Based on the analysis of the circulating flow path of coolant,the optimization of the cooling water jacket structure was studied.The results show that the coolant flow rate on the exhaust side and nose bridge area of a single cylinder engine is relatively low,and there is a zero flow rate area in the nose bridge area.The distribution of coolant flow rate in the two cylinders of a twin cylinder engine is uneven,and the coolant flow rate in the middle area of the connection between the two cylinders is relatively low.There is also an issue of uneven coolant flow rate in each cylinder of a four cylinder engine.By analyzing the flow path of coolant circulation,the flow direction and function of the coolant on the water holes on each cylinder gasket are clarified.Based on the design criteria that require key cooling in high-temperature areas,the layout of the water holes on the cylinder gasket and the local flow area of the water jacket are optimized for three types of engine cooling water jackets.After optimization,the coolant flow rate in the high-temperature areas such as the exhaust side and nose bridge area of the three types of engine cooling water jackets reached the requirement of not less than 1.5 m/s,and the difference in coolant flow rate between each cylinder is reduced.Through engine thermal balance verification,the optimization of the cooling water jacket structure for three types of engines can effectively reduce the temperature of the cylinder head spark plug gasket and reduce the temperature difference between the spark plug gaskets of each cylinder,verifying the effectiveness of the water jacket structure optimization design.

关 键 词：摩托车发动机 冷却水套 冷却液流速 结构优化 

分 类 号：TK414.2[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]