金属打磨粉尘捕集装置结构设计及防护性能仿真  

Structural Design and Simulation of Protection Performance of Metal Grinding Dust Capture Device

作　　者：孟荣荣 刘仓 南小影 王明 杜文霞 邢亚飞 MENG Rong-rong;LIU Cang;NAN Xiao-ying;WANG Ming;DU Wen-xia;XING Ya-fei(Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry Safety and Health Engineering Research Laboratory,Xi'an 710065,China;Occupational Disease Hazard Engineering Protection Technology Guidance Center of Shaanxi Province,Xi'an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]兵器工业卫生研究所安全与卫生工程研究室,西安710065 [2]陕西省职业病危害工程防护技术指导中心,西安710065

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2025年第2期871-878,共8页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：国防科工局专项科研项目(GFJ2023-02)。

摘　　要：人工手持打磨工具打磨作业时会产生大量粉尘,目前普遍采用负压捕集装置将粉尘限制在密闭空间,并使含尘气流定向通过除尘装置加以净化,以解决粉尘散发问题。为解决某铝件打磨车间通风防护设施效果欠佳,导致作业间粉尘无序扩散问题,提出了一种适用于小型铝制件打磨作业的“U型条缝”粉尘捕集装置结构设计方案,通过有限元模拟仿真分析方法研究了该装置的粉尘防护效果。仿真结果表明:该装置左右两侧条缝宽度为2 cm,后侧条缝宽度为5 cm,排风量为3600 m^(3)/h,内部气流通道结构为不对称斜收口结构时,控制面风速较为均匀,人员呼吸带平均风速达到1.3 m/s,且内部气流通道噪声相对较小,粉尘防护效果较好。该装置“U型条缝”罩口和内部气流通道组合式结构设计可有效捕集打磨过程产生的粉尘,降低作业场所粉尘浓度,可为手工打磨场所粉尘防护提供借鉴。Manual grinding with hand-held tools generates a lot of dust,currently,it is common to use negative pressure trapping device to limit the dust in the confined space,and make the dusty airflow directed through the dust removal device to be purified to solve the problem of dust dissemination.In order to solve the problem of ineffective ventilation and protection facilities in an aluminum grinding workshop,which led to the uncontrolled spread of dust between operations,a structural design of a“U-shaped slit”dust collection device for the grinding process of small aluminum parts was proposed.Finite element simulation and analysis method was used to investigate the dust prevention and control effect of the device.The results show that:when the device on both sides of the slit width is 2 cm,the rear side of the slit width is 5 cm,the air volume is 3600 m^(3)/h,and the internal airflow channel structure is an asymmetric slanting closure structure,the control surface of the wind speed is more uniform,average wind speed of personnel breathing zone reaches 1.3 m/s,in the same time,the noise of the internal airflow channel is relatively small and the dust particle trapping effect is better.It is concluded that the size of the device's“U-shaped slit”and the internal airflow channel structure design can effectively capture the dust generated during the sanding process,reduce the concentration of dust in the workplace,and provide a reference for the protection of dust in the sanding place.

关 键 词：金属打磨 粉尘捕集 结构设计 防护性能 仿真模拟 

分 类 号：X964[环境科学与工程—安全科学]