横向振动下输电塔螺栓节点松动规律试验研究  

Experimental study on the loosening of the bolted joints of a transmission tower under transverse vibration

作　　者：赵卫平[1] 郭新锁 王娜[1] 徐旸 朱彬荣 ZHAO Weiping;GUO Xinsuo;WANG Na;XU Yang;ZHU Binrong(School of Mechanics and Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Railway Engineering Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;China Electric Power Research Institute,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)力学与土木工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所,北京100081 [3]中国电力科学研究院有限公司,北京100089

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2025年第2期84-93,共10页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金重点项目(U22A20244);国家自然科学基金(52278467)。

摘　　要：输电塔长期受到风动荷载、导线舞动荷载等振动荷载作用,导致节点螺栓松动。为研究输电塔螺栓节点在横向振动荷载作用下的螺栓松动规律,通过光纤光栅螺栓进行了6组螺栓角钢搭接节点和3组螺栓群角钢对接连接节点共计32个试件的横向振动试验,研究了荷载幅值、振动频率、螺栓预紧扭矩等参数对螺栓松动的影响,分析了螺栓在动力荷载作用下的力学性能。结果表明:螺栓松动在振动初始时刻预紧力缓慢下降,之后经历预紧力快速下降阶段,最后预紧力损失速度逐渐变缓并趋于稳定;对于角钢搭接节点和螺栓群角钢对接连接节点,随着振动幅值的增加,螺栓松动程度增加,随着预紧扭矩的增大,螺栓松动趋势减小,振动频率对螺栓松动的影响较小;螺栓安装间隙对搭接节点螺栓松动几乎无影响,搭接节点远离加载端位置的螺栓更易松动,螺栓群角钢对接连接节点靠近加载端的螺栓相比中间位置的螺栓更易松动。试验结果为工程中螺栓预紧力监测和螺栓防松设计提供参考,保证节点承载力。The transmission tower is usually subjected to vibration loads such as wind load and conductor galloping load for a long time,which leads to the loosening of joint bolts.In order to study the bolt loosening of the bolted joints of a transmission tower under transverse vibration load,the transverse vibration tests of 32 specimens including 6 groups of bolted angle steel lap joints and 3 groups of bolt group angle steel butt joints were carried out by using fiber grating bolts.The effects of load amplitude,vibration frequency and bolt preload torque on bolt loosening were studied,and the mechanical properties of the bolts under dynamic load were analyzed.The results show that the pre-tightening force in the process of bolt loosening decreases slowly at the initial moment of vibration,and then experiences a rapid decline stage.Finally,the loss rate of pre-tightening force gradually slows down and tends to be stable.For angle steel lap joints and bolt group angle steel butt joints,with the increase of vibration amplitude,the degree of bolt loosening increases.With the increase of preload torque,the trend of bolt loosening decreases,and the vibration frequency has little effect on bolt loosening.The bolt installation gap has little effect on the bolt loosening of the lap joint.The bolts of the lap joint far away from the loading end are more likely to loosen.The bolts of the bolt group angle steel butt joint near the loading end are more likely to loosen than the bolts in the middle position.The test results provide a reference for the bolt preload monitoring and bolt anti-loosening design in engineering to ensure the bearing capacity of joints.

关 键 词：螺栓节点 横向振动 螺栓松动 螺栓预紧力 动力试验 

分 类 号：TU391[建筑科学—结构工程]