密闭容器清吹过程流场及噪声特性数值模拟与优化研究  

Numerical simulation and optimization of flow field and noise characteristics in the blowing process of a confined vessel

作　　者：何豪杰 张祖提 姚伍平[2] 李红钢[2] 费銮 龙新平[1] 王晓川[1] HE Haojie;ZHANG Zuti;YAO Wuping;LI Honggang;FEI Luan;LONG Xinping;WANG Xiaochuan(Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterjet Theory and New Technology,School of Power and Mechanical Engineering,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Wuhan Second Ship Design and Research Institute,Wuhan 430064,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学动力与机械工程学院水射流理论与新技术湖北省重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]武汉第二船舶设计研究所,武汉430064

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2025年第2期333-343,共11页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51905186);湖北省自然科学基金(2020CFB605)。

摘　　要：利用压缩气体驱离流体是密闭容器清理的一种重要方式,其工作过程中将形成复杂的气液两相流动现象并诱发剧烈噪声。为揭示密闭容器清吹过程中复杂流动发展演化规律及流噪声形成机理,优化密闭容器清吹参数从而控制清吹噪声,该研究基于流体体积表面跟踪法和Lighthill声类比原理,采用计算流体动力学-计算声学相结合的混合模拟方法对密闭容器清吹过程的流场和声场进行仿真分析和优化研究。研究结果表明,密闭容器清吹过程中,高速气体射流将对液面产生剧烈的冲击作用而形成漩涡、液体破碎和气泡弥散等流态,诱发复杂的不稳定气液两相流动,从而激发剧烈的噪声并影响清吹效率。进气压力将直接影响密闭容器内部流场特性,并进一步影响清吹效率和噪声特性,当进气压力高于1.0 MPa时,气体将沿罐壁进入排水管路形成不稳定的气液混合流动,导致有效排除流量和清吹效率降低。噪声随进出口压差升高而增加,进气压力1.0 MPa时总声压级比0.3 MPa时高10 dB,为兼顾清吹效率和噪声特性,采用0.5 MPa的气体压力具有较好综合性能。根据密闭容器内部流场特性对进气结构进行优化,采用倾斜进气和倾斜渐扩进气结构,清吹效率分别提高了15.0%和27.0%,总声压级降低了10 dB和7 dB。The using of compressed gas to drive away the fluid is an important way to clean up a confined container,which can form complex gas-liquid two-phase flow and induce severe noise.In order to reveal the evolution of the complex flow and formation mechanism of flow noise in the cleaning process of the confined vessel,the blowing parameters were optimized to control blowing noise,the hybrid simulation method combined with computational fluid dynamics-computational acoustics was used to optimize the flow-sound field in the confined container blowing process.The results show that the high-speed gas jet has a severe impact on the liquid surface,forms flow patterns such as vortex,liquid fragmentation and bubble dispersion,and induces complex unstable gas-liquid two-phase flow,so that stimulates intense noise and affects the cleaning efficiency.When inlet pressure is higher than 1.0 MPa,the gas enters the drainage pipe along the tank wall to form an unstable gas-liquid mixed flow,resulting in the reduction of effective removal flow and blowing efficiency.The total sound pressure level at 1.0 MPa is 10 dB higher than that at 0.3 MPa.In order to concurrently take into account the cleaning efficiency and noise characteristics,0.5 MPa gas pressure has better comprehensive performance.By adopting inclined intake and extended intake structure and optimizing the intake structure according to the simulation,the cleaning efficiency is increased by 15.0%and 27.0%respectively,and the total sound pressure level is reduced by 10 dB and 7 dB.

关 键 词：清吹排污 流噪声 噪声优化 数值模拟 Lighthill声类比 

分 类 号：TH49[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]