广西内陆水域外来鱼类的种类及分布特征  

Species and distribution characteristics of non-native fish in inland waters of Guangxi

作　　者：刘昊 吴志强[1] 乔梁 黄亮亮[1,3] 何佳洋 孙扬言 李育森 LIU Hao;WU Zhi-qiang;QIAO Liang;HUANG Liang-liang;HE Jia-yang;SUN Yang-yan;LI Yu-sen(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Areas,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan,Hubei 430072,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture,Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530021,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院,广西桂林541004 [2]广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室,广西桂林541004 [3]广西岩溶地区水污染控制与用水安全保障协同创新中心,广西桂林541004 [4]中国科学院水生生物研究所,湖北武汉430072 [5]广西水产科学研究院水产遗传育种与健康养殖重点实验室,广西南宁530021

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2024年第12期3728-3737,共10页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32060830);广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB22035050);广西渔业资源调查项目(GXZC2022-G3-001062-ZHZB);广西水产科学研究院水产遗传育种与健康养殖重点实验室开放基金项目(GXKEYLA-2023-01-2)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确现阶段广西内陆水域外来鱼类的种类组成,并从各水系相似性和差异性分析其分布特征,为广西外来鱼类入侵防控提供科学依据。【方法】以广西内陆水域为研究区域,在主要水系设34个采样点,于2023年2月(春季)、2023年5—6月(夏季)、2023年8—9月(秋季)及2023年11—12月(冬季)连续4个季度以渔船捕捞方式采集外来鱼类样本,然后通过Jaccard相似系数(Jsc)分析不同水系外来鱼类分布相似性,并以主坐标分析(PCoA)和置换多元方差分析(PERMANOVA)探讨不同水系外来鱼类分布差异。【结果】在广西内陆水域34个采样点共采集到外来鱼类7690尾,隶属于7目13科20属23种。其中,鲈形目数量最多(9种),占39.13%;以水产养殖为目的引种外来鱼类19种,占82.61%;来自亚洲和北美洲的外来鱼类各7种,分别占30.43%。从广西内陆水域各水系外来鱼类分布情况来看,红水河的外来鱼类数量最多(16种),南盘江外来鱼类物种数最少(7种);分布样点范围最广的外来鱼类是尼罗罗非鱼和齐氏罗非鱼,分布范围占比均为97.06%;出现频次最高的是齐氏罗非鱼,为89.71%。基于Jsc的外来鱼类分布相似级别判定结果显示,极相似的水系有浔江—黔江(Jsc=0.93)、浔江—右江(Jsc=0.93)、红水河—黔江(Jsc=0.81)和红水河—浔江(Jsc=0.76),极不相似的水系为南盘江—贺江(Jsc=0.23);PCoA分析结果显示,浔江、黔江、柳江、贺江、南盘江、邕江郁江和右江之间有明显分离。【结论】在广西内陆水域共采集到23种外来鱼类,多为水产养殖引种鱼类,分布特征上表现为干流外来鱼类物种多、支流外来鱼类物种少。广西内陆水域各水系外来鱼类物种组成存在相似之处,齐氏罗非鱼、尼罗罗非鱼、伽利略罗非鱼和革胡子鲇已广泛分布。因此,亟待进一步加强对外来引种鱼类的养殖管理,避免新引入外来鱼类的逃逸及已逃逸外来养殖鱼类的扩�【Objective】To clarify the composition of non-native fish species in inland waters of Guangxi at the present stage,and to explore the distributional characteristics from the similarities and differences of each water system,which could provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of non-native fish invasion in Guangxi.【Method】Taking inland waters of Guangxi as the study area,a total of 34 sampling sites were set up in the main water systems.Non-native fish samples were collected by fishing boats in 4 consecutive quarters:February 2023(spring),May-June 2023(summer),August-September 2023(autumn),and November-December 2023(winter).The Jaccard similarity coefficient(Jsc)were used to analyze the similarity of non-native fishes in different water systems,and the differences in the structure of non-native fishes in water systems were discussed using principal coordinates analysis(PCoA)and permutation multivariate analysis of variance(PERMANOVA).【Result】A total of 7690 non-native fishes were collected,belonging to 7 orders,13 families,20 genera and 23 species,of which 9 species of Cypriniformes were the most numerous,accounting for 39.13%of the total;19 species were introduced for aquaculture purposes,accounting for 82.61%of the total;7 species from Asia and 7 species from North America,each accounting for 30.43%of the total.From the distribution of non-native fish in the inland waters of Guangxi,Hongshuihe River had the highest number of non-native fish species,with 16 species,and the lowest was in Nanpanjiang River,with 7 species.The non-native fish species with the widest range of distributional samples were Oreochromis niloticus and Coptodon zillii,both with 97.06%.And C.zillii had the highest frequency of occurrence,with 89.71%.In terms of non-native fishes distribution similarity level,Jsc showed that the very similar water systems were Xunjiang River-Qianjiang River(Jsc=0.93),Xunjiang River-Youjiang River(Jsc=0.93),Hongshuihe River-Qianjiang River(Jsc=0.81),Hongshuihe River-Xunjiang River(Jsc

关 键 词：外来鱼类 种类组成 分布特征 Jaccard相似系数(Jsc) 广西内陆水域 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]