生物质衍生多孔碳基吸波材料的吸波机理  

Development on Wave Absorbing Mechanisms of Biomass-Derived Porous Carbon-Based Wave Absorbing Materials

作　　者：武志红[1] 李嘉仪 李鹏 齐珺 常吉进 牛丹 任安文 WU Zhihong;LI Jiayi;LI Peng;QI Jun;CHANG Jijin;NIU Dan;REN Anwen(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an 710055,China;Shaanxi Huaqin Technology Industry Co.,ltd.,Xi'an 710119,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学材料科学与工程学院,西安710055 [2]陕西华秦科技实业股份有限公司,西安710119

出　　处：《硅酸盐学报》2025年第1期161-172,共12页Journal of The Chinese Ceramic Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51974218);广东省大尺寸陶瓷薄板企业重点实验室开放课题(KFKT2023002);山西舜王建筑工程有限公司横向项目(20230460);西安建筑科技大学基础研究基金(JC1406)。

摘　　要：电磁波技术快速发展带来便利,也带来了电磁污染和健康威胁,发展电磁波吸收材料对国家或人民的生存发展至关重要。生物质多孔碳材料由于其超低的密度、大的比表面积、丰富的来源和优异的介电损耗能力,在电磁波吸收方面显示出巨大的潜力。然而,人们通过改变生物质碳基复合材料的结构和成分调控其吸波性能的同时,对于生物质多孔碳材料的吸波机理的关注较为片面,尚未形成较为完整的体系。文章总结了近几年以生物质多孔碳作为吸波材料的吸波机理,包括阻抗匹配、界面极化、多次反射与散射、网络结构的导电性、孔隙尺寸调控吸波性能以及磁性介质/生物质衍生多孔碳材料的吸波机理;提出了在解释吸波性能方面的几个困惑和需要进一步解决的问题;同时还在生物质多孔碳材料吸波机理的基础上提出了改善生物质多孔碳材料电磁吸收性能的有前景的理论方法。该总结为生物质多孔碳吸波材料的研究,在理论方面提供较为完善的参考。The rapid development of electromagnetic wave technology brings a unprecedented convenience,but leads to some related concerns regarding electromagnetic pollution and associated health risks.Consequently,the development of electromagnetic wave absorption materials becomes crucial for ensuring both survival and safety.Biomass porous carbons(BPCs)can be used as highly promising materials for addressing these challenges due to their unique properties,including ultra-low density,large surface area,abundance of precursors,and exceptional dielectric loss capabilities,showcasing immense potential for electromagnetic wave absorption applications.However,manipulating the absorbing properties of biomass carbon-based composite materials through changes in structure and composition is restricted,and the absorption mechanisms of BPCs materials still remain unclear,due to the absence of a comprehensive framework.In this review,the absorption mechanism of BPCs materials as absorbers is explored,including impedance matching,interface polarization,multiple reflection and scattering,conductivity of network structure,pore size control to optimize absorption performance,and unique absorption mechanism of magnetic media/biomass-derived porous carbon materials.Also,several puzzles and unsolved problems of the absorption performance are emphasized,and a further research is needed to solve these uncertainties and deepen the understanding of the electromagnetic wave absorption capacity of BPCs.In addition,this review proposes a promising theoretical method to enhance the electromagnetic absorption properties of BPCs materials,providing valuable insights and directions for future research work in this field.Despite the considerable progress made in both experimental and theoretical aspects of BPCs materials,some challenges persist.These include difficulties in synthesizing highly conductive networks,challenges in precisely controlling pore parameters,and issues related to the aggregation and oxidation of magnetic nanoparticles in magnetic

关 键 词：生物质 多孔碳 微波吸收材料 吸波机理 有效吸收带宽 反射损耗 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]