混凝土抗冻融破坏性能研究进展  

Freeze-Thaw Durability of Concrete——A Short Review

作　　者：刘剑辉 王猛生 杨玉柱 刘琪 陈正[1] 史才军[2] LIU Jianhui;WANG Mengsheng;YANG Yuzhu;LIU Qi;CHEN Zheng;SHI Caijun(College of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;College of Civil Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学土木建筑工程学院,南宁530004 [2]湖南大学土木工程学院,长沙410082

出　　处：《硅酸盐学报》2025年第1期190-211,共22页Journal of The Chinese Ceramic Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(52208237)。

摘　　要：在严寒或寒冷地区,混凝土的抗冻融破坏耐久性是决定混凝土结构使用寿命的重要因素。本文总结了近年来国内外关于混凝土冻融破坏理论的进展,基于不同作用机理分析了孔结构、含气量、饱水率对混凝土抗冻融破坏性能的直接影响以及混凝土内部的组成成分、外界因素、养护条件以及多种组合作用对混凝土抗冻融破坏性能的间接影响,概述了近几年混凝土冻融损伤模型,最后提出提升混凝土抗冻融破坏性能的方法。现有研究表明冻融循环过程中的水相转变是混凝土冻融破坏的主要原因;孔结构直接影响混凝土抗冻融破坏性,其中气泡间距系数与混凝土抗冻融破坏显著相关,是影响混凝土抗冻融破坏性能的决定性因素;混凝土所中使用的骨料、矿物掺合料、化学外加剂、纳米材料、纤维、水灰比及表面涂层都会影响混凝土的抗冻融破坏性能;养护条件、冻融温度和速率等实验方案和盐冻等组合作用也会对抗冻融破坏性能产生影响。The freeze-thaw resistance of concrete is a crucial factor determining its service life in cold regions.This review represents recent research progress on concrete freeze-thaw resistance based on freeze-thaw damage mechanisms,influencing factors,damage models and service life prediction,as well as measures to enhance freeze-thaw resistance.The freeze-thaw damage mechanisms of concrete mainly are based on powers hydraulic pressure theory,osmotic pressure theory,the Setzer's micro-ice lens theory,Scherer and Bresme's crystallization pressure theory,and the salt frost theory.These theories provide insights into the damage mechanisms of concrete during freeze-thaw cycles from different perspectives.However,a unified theory is not yet established,and a further research is thus needed.Some factors influencing the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete can be classified as direct and indirect factors.The direct factors primarily encompass pore structure characteristics(such as porosity,pore size distribution,air void spacing factor,etc.)and degree of saturation,with the air void spacing factor being the decisive element affecting concrete's performance in resisting freeze-thaw cycles.The indirect factors can be classified into two categories,i.e.,material composition and environmental conditions.In terms of material composition,the type of aggregates,water to cement ratio,mineral admixtures,and various chemical admixtures play important roles.Using lightweight aggregates or reducing the water to cement ratio can enhance the freeze-thaw resistance.The addition of mineral admixtures like silica fume and fly ash can optimize concrete pore structure and improve the freeze-thaw resistance.Chemical admixtures such as air-entraining agents and water reducers can enhance concrete freeze-thaw resistance from different aspects.The application of fiber materials and nanomaterials has a potential in improving concrete freeze-thaw performance,primarily via enhancing its mechanical properties and microstructure.The environmental conditio

关 键 词：混凝土 冻融破坏 微观结构 冻融损伤模型 矿物掺合料 外加剂 

分 类 号：TU528.041[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]