非均匀功率分布的微波整流天线阵列功率合成优化方法  

Power Synthesis Optimization Method of Microwave Rectifying Antenna Array with Non-Uniform Power Distribution

作　　者：肖冬萍[1] 陈建楠 陈宇立 舒梽卿 Xiao Dongping;Chen Jiannan;Chen Yuli;Shu Zhiqing(National Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology School of Electrical Engineering Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)

机构地区：[1]输变电装备技术全国重点实验室(重庆大学电气工程学院),重庆400044

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2025年第2期358-366,共9页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U22B2095);民用航天技术预先项目(D010103)资助。

摘　　要：对于大型微波无线能量传输系统,其接收天线阵列上微波功率非均匀分布,由于整流电路的特性,采用现有的天线阵列布局和功率合成方式所得的能量转换效率较低。为此,该文提出一种基于遗传算法优化的混合功率合成方法:提出天线单元连接编码规则,采用遗传算法将接收天线单元按目标功率进行分组和射频合成,使得各组射频合成后的微波功率均匀化,再输入整流电路;提出整流电路连接编码规则,基于遗传算法,以负载匹配为目标对整流电路进行动态串并联优化,使直流合成后获得最优转换效率。在进行功率合成前,需基于实验系统分析获得整流电路输入功率与转换效率关系、输出伏安特性曲线,从而确定射频功率合成的优化目标。该文以10×10接收阵列天线为例进行分析,将100个单元分为4组进行均匀化射频合成,均匀度评价指标低至1.804;再对整流输出进行串并联优化,在接近负载匹配的情况下使得整流转换效率达到91.37%。结果表明,采用该文提出的方法可快速有效地对接收天线阵列进行混合功率合成优化。Microwave wireless power transmission(MWPT)utilizes microwave radiation to realize long-distance wireless power transmission,a subversive power transmission technology with potentially broad application prospects.The receiving end includes a large-scale receiving array antenna,rectifier module,and power synthesis.At present,the research on receiving antenna and rectification technology has made some progress,but the research on power synthesis is inadequate.There are two main ways of power synthesis:DC and RF.Due to the inherent characteristics of microwave long-distance transmission,the radiated power distributed on the large-scale receiving array antenna needs to be uniform.Suppose one single power synthesis method is used.In that case,inappropriate rectifier input causes issues such as the rectifier working incorrectly,the rectification efficiency being low,and the load being mismatched,which seriously affects the transmission efficiency of the energy transfer system.This paper proposes a new hybrid power synthesis method with the genetic optimization algorithm.Firstly,the input-output characteristics of the rectifier with Schottky diode are analyzed.The input power-conversion efficiency characteristic curve of the rectifier is derived,and the optimal input power corresponding to the optimal conversion efficiency,i.e.,the target power for RF synthesis,is determined.Next,chromosome coding rules are proposed to interconnect receiving antenna units.A power synthesis correlation matrix and uniformity evaluation indices are established.According to the target power,the receiving antenna units are dynamically grouped and synthesized with RF,which ensures microwave power homogenization across each group post-RF synthesis.Furthermore,coding rules for the rectifier circuit interconnection are devised.The rectifiers are dynamically optimized for series-parallel connection with the goal of load matching,thus achieving optimal conversion efficiency post-DC synthesis.A MWPT simulation system is constructed.A 10×10 array o

关 键 词：微波无线能量传输 混合功率合成 编码规则 动态串并联优化 整流电路特性 

分 类 号：TM724[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]