供需双方博弈视角下的V2G优化策略  

Vehicle to Grid Optimization Strategy from the Perspective of Supply and Demand Game

作　　者：戴朝华[1] 杨帅[1] 叶圣永 范文礼[1] DAI Chaohua;YANG Shuai;YE Shengyong;FAN Wenli(School of Electrical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 611756,China;State Grid Sichuan Economic Research Institute,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学电气工程学院,四川成都611756 [2]国网四川省电力公司经济技术研究院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《西南交通大学学报》2025年第1期166-174,193,共10页Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金项目(L221002);国家电网有限公司科技项目(SGSCJY00GHJS1900011)。

摘　　要：随着电动汽车爆发式发展,充电负荷的冲击性与电网支撑能力的矛盾突出.为此,提出一种基于供需双方博弈视角的电动汽车充放电(vehicletogrid,V2G)优化策略.首先,结合用户充放电行为特性,构建使电动汽车充放电与基础负荷互洽的电能价格分享机制;然后,针对聚合商电能定价与电动汽车用户充放电行为选择过程中的领导-追随者博弈关系,建立优化模型,领导者层面以聚合商收益最大化为目标,追随者层面以电动汽车用户用电成本最小化为目标;最后,利用搜寻者优化算法分别求解双方的优化目标,进行博弈循环直到均衡,从而得到最优的电能定价策略和电动汽车充放电策略.仿真结果表明:所提出的充放电策略能使电动汽车充放电负荷对基础负荷曲线起到削峰填谷作用,使基础负荷曲线方差减小56.6%,峰谷差减少28.0%,同时,电动汽车用户的充放电成本减少40.4%,而聚合商收益增加约40.1%.With the explosive development of electric vehicles(EV),the contradiction between the impact of charging load and grid support capacity is highlighted.In response to this problem,an EV charging and discharging(vehicle to grid,V2G)optimization strategy was proposed from the perspective of the game between supply and demand.Firstly,a power price sharing mechanism was constructed to make EV charging and discharging mutually appropriate with base load by combining the characteristics of EV charging and discharging behaviors.Then,for the leader-follower game relationship between the aggregator’s pricing of electricity and the EV users’charging and discharging behavior selection process,an optimization model was established,whose optimization objectives are maximizing the revenue of the aggregator on the leader level and minimizing the cost of electricity for EV users on the follower level.Finally,the seeker optimization algorithm was used to solve the optimization objectives of both sides separately,and the game cycle was carried out until the equilibrium,so that the optimal electricity pricing strategy and EV charging/discharging strategy were obtained.The simulation results show that the proposed charging and discharging strategy can realize the peak-cutting and valley-filling of the base load curve by the EV charging and discharging load.The variance of the base load curve is reduced by 56.6%,and the difference between peak and valley is decreased by 28.0%.Meanwhile,the charging and discharging cost of EV users is lowered by 40.4%,and the revenue of the aggregator is increased by 40.1%.

关 键 词：电动汽车用户 聚合商 动态博弈 电能定价 充放电策略 

分 类 号：TM73[电气工程—电力系统及自动化] U491.8[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]