真空电子束熔覆装备研制  

Research and Development of Vacuum Electron Beam Cladding Equipment

作　　者：张博[1] 侯宇博 徐晓龙 缪俊彦 张思宇[1] 邢森瑶 张悦[1] 常云龙[1] ZHANG Bo;HOU Yubo;XU Xiaolong;MIU Junyan;ZHANG Siyu;XING Senyao;ZHANG Yue;CHANG Yunlong(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shenyang University of Technology,Shenyang 110870,China;Shenyang Jinfeng Special Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Shenyang 110027,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳工业大学材料科学与工程学院,辽宁沈阳110870 [2]沈阳金锋特种设备股份有限公司,辽宁沈阳110027

出　　处：《电焊机》2025年第1期65-72,共8页Electric Welding Machine

基　　金：辽宁省国际科技合作计划项目(2023JH2/10700015)。

摘　　要：围绕真空电子束熔覆装备战略需求,聚焦核心功能零部件的研制开发。研究电子束枪技术、机械运动机构及控制技术,真空定量送粉技术等关键技术。电子束熔覆装备由电子束枪系统、机械运动及控制系统、真空系统、真空送粉系统、监视系统、PLC总控系统等组成。研制等离子体空心阴极结构的电子束枪,实现电子束在低真空条件下的正常工作,阴极连续工作时间可超过50h,适合送粉式电子束熔覆及增材制造。优化电磁聚焦系统的设计,通过调整磁场分布来控制电子束的聚焦程度。通过聚焦系统保证电子束流良好的聚焦电流稳定性,聚焦电流测量值较设定值偏差≤0.5%。研究实现了五轴联动运动机构及数控系统,实现空间复杂曲面的熔覆及增材。研究了抽真空及真空送粉系统,实现连续可控送粉。通过PLC控制系统将电子枪、真空系统、运动系统等与控制系统进行集成,进行整体调试和优化。解决系统运行中可能出现的兼容性和稳定性问题。实现上述关键技术的突破,是实现电子束熔覆装备国产化集成制造的必要条件。Focusing on the strategic requirements of vacuum electron beam cladding equipment and the research and development of core functional components.Study on key technologies such as electron beam gun technology,mechanical motion mechanism and control technology,and vacuum quantitative powder feeding technology.The electron beam cladding equipment consists of an electron beam gun system,mechanical motion and control system,vacuum system,vacuum powder feeding system,monitoring system,PLC control system,etc.Develop an electron beam gun with a plasma hollow cathode structure to achieve normal operation of the electron beam under low vacuum conditions.The continuous working time of the cathode can exceed 50 hours,making it suitable for electron beam cladding and additive manufacturing.Optimize the design of the electromagnetic focusing system by adjusting the magnetic field distribution to control the focusing degree of the electron beam.The focusing system ensures good focusing current stability of the electron beam,and the deviation of the measured focusing current from the set value is≤0.5%.Research and Development of the five axis linkage motion mechanism and numerical control system,which enables the fusion and additive manufacturing of complex spatial surfaces.Studied the vacuum pumping and vacuum powder feeding system to achieve continuous and controllable powder feeding.Integrate electronic guns,vacuum systems,motion systems,etc.with the control system through PLC control system for overall debugging and optimization.Resolve compatibility and stability issues that may arise during system operation.The breakthrough in the above-mentioned key technologies is a necessary condition for the localization and integrated manufacturing of electron beam cladding equipment.

关 键 词：真空电子束熔覆 电子束枪 机械运动机构 控制技术 真空定量送粉 

分 类 号：TG456.3[金属学及工艺—焊接]