县域城镇化视角下农民的返乡回流及其阐释——基于中西部地区的观察  

The Return of Migrants to Their Hometowns from the Perspective of County-Level Urbanization: Observations Based on the Central and Western Regions

作　　者：黄鹏进[1] 王学梦 HUANG Pengjin;WANG Xuemeng

机构地区：[1]中共杭州市委党校法学与社会学教研部,杭州310000 [2]浙江中医药大学人文与管理学院,杭州310053

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期142-152,共11页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“农民居住渐进城镇化方式研究”(19BSH037)。

摘　　要：在中国最近10余年快速推进的城镇化进程中,农民在县域城镇化过程中扮演了重要角色。但值得注意的是,在农民通过县城实现进城梦想的同时,近年来中西部地区出现了部分农民返乡回流的现象。这一现象的发生既与农民在县城“低收入-高支出”的家计结构有关,也受到农民家庭生命周期变迁、乡村价值回归等多重因素影响。总体来看,当前中西部地区农民的县域城镇化还存在较大的不稳定性,表现出经济支撑基础弱、进城动机不持久、生活风险加大等特征。其未来发展趋势亦有着较大的不确定性,与县域产业能否高质量发展、新生代农民的发展能力以及乡村振兴战略等有关系。这说明,关注县域城镇化不能仅有农民“进城”的单向视角,还应包括进城后“返乡”的面向,中西部地区的县域城镇化还只是农民“家计过程”的一部分,并不意味着农民完成了市民身份的转化。农民在县城的深度扎根需要经历一个较为长期的过程,进城与返乡之间的适度重复、往返将会成为中西部地区县域城镇化的一种常态。In the rapid process of urbanization in China over the past decade,the role of farmers in county-level urbanization has been significant.County-level urbanization for farmers refers to the shift of many individuals from rural to urban areas within China's counties,thereby achieving a town-based lifestyle.However,it is noteworthy that in recent years,in the central and western regions of China,there has been a phenomenon of reverse migration,where farmers who had urbanized at the county level are returning to rural areas.Through the observation of several cases,it is evident that this reverse migration is not only influenced by the“low income-high expenditure”dynamic of county life but is also tied to other factors such as the life cycle of farmers'families and the revaluation of rural lifestyles.Overall,these cases reflect the instability of the county-level urbanization process,caused by insufficient economic support,unsustainable motivations for urbanization,and increasing living risks in the central and western regions of China.The future of these individuals is uncertain,closely tied to the high-quality development of counties,the urbanization capabilities of the new generation of farmers,and the rural revitalization strategy.These cases remind us that research on China's county-level urbanization cannot be viewed through a one-dimensional lens of farmers simply‘moving to the county’It must also incorporate the opposite perspective of farmers“returning to the countryside”.It will be a relatively long-term process for farmers to establish deep roots in county towns.The back-and-forth movement between“migrating to the town”and“returning to the countryside”will likely remain a common feature of China's county-level urbanization.

关 键 词：县域城镇化 农民返乡回流 中西部 渐进城镇化 

分 类 号：C912.82[经济管理]