日调节水电站双出口鱼道水力特性与鱼道运行方式研究  

Research on hydraulic characteristics and operation mode of double-outlet fishway in daily regulation hydropower stations

作　　者：石凯 孙双科[1,2] 李广宁 郑铁刚[1] 柳海涛[1] 柳松涛[1] SHI Kai;SUN Shuangke;LI Guangning;ZHENG Tiegang;LIU Haitao;LIU Songtao(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100871,China;School of Civil Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100871 [2]天津大学建筑工程学院,天津300072

出　　处：《中国水利水电科学研究院学报(中英文)》2025年第1期73-82,共10页Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3204200)。

摘　　要：受日调节水电站水库水位变动的影响,鱼道进口和出口的水位均会发生改变,进而对鱼道池室内部水力特性产生明显影响。本文基于三维数值模拟,重点分析了日调节水电站双出口鱼道出口水位上升和下降时对鱼道水力特性的影响。结果表明:鱼道出口水位下降,当高位和低位出口同时开启时,鱼道内最大流速均小于1.20 m/s,未形成流速屏障,且分岔段水面壅高幅度较小;鱼道低位出口段的流场连通性较好,高位出口段内也存在明显的流速,此时低位出口起主要过鱼作用,高位出口宜同时保持开启,有助于已上溯至高位出口段的鱼类完成上溯。鱼道出口水位上升,鱼道中最大流速出现在鱼道进口段的下游竖缝处;水位低于2.2 m时,高位出口和低位出口可同时开启,鱼道内不会出现流速屏障;水位高于2.2 m时,鱼道进口段的下游竖缝处最大流速为1.3~1.5 m/s,阻碍鱼类上溯,且在分岔段易出现明显壅水现象。因此,在水位上升过程中,应先保持高位、低位出口同时开启,再根据鱼道进口处流速和分岔段水深,确定低位出口延时关闭时机,供已上溯至低位出口段的鱼类完成上溯。本研究可为日调节水电站双出口鱼道的出口切换运行方式提供参考。Due to the influence of daily regulation on the reservoir water level of hydropower stations,the water levels at both the inlet and outlet of the fishway will change,significantly affecting the hydraulic characteristics within the fishway.This paper focuses on the impact of rising and falling outlet water levels on the hydraulic characteristics of double-outlet fishway in daily regulation hydropower stations,based on three-dimensional numerical simulations.The results indicate that when the outlet water level decreases,both high and low outlets are opened simultaneously,the maximum flow velocity within the fishway remains below 1.20 m/s,preventing the formation of a velocity barrier,and the water surface elevation in the bifurcation section is only slightly elevated.The flow field connectivity in the low outlet section is suitable,and there is also noticeable flow velocity in the high outlet section.At this time,the low outlet plays a prominent role in helping fish go through the fishway,while the high outlet should remain open to assist fish that have ascended to the high outlet section in completing its upstream journey.Conversely,when the outlet water level rises,the maximum flow velocity in the fishway occurs at the downstream vertical seams of the inlet section.When the water level is below 2.2 m,both the high and low outlets can be opened simultaneously without creating a velocity barrier in the fishway.However,when the water level exceeds 2.2 m,the maximum flow velocity at the downstream vertical seams of the inlet section ranges from 1.3 to 1.5 m/s,hindering fish from ascending,and there can be noticeable water accumulation in the bifurcation section.Therefore,in the process of rising water levels,it is advisable to keep both the high and low outlets open initially,and based on the flow velocity at the inlet of the fishway and the water depth in the bifurcation section,determine the optimal timing for delaying the closure of the low outlet,allowing fish that have ascended to the low outlet section to comp

关 键 词：竖缝式鱼道 双出口 水位变化 流场 水面线 

分 类 号：S956.3[农业科学—水产养殖]