农村老年人自我刻板化与主观记忆抱怨在自我感知老化与痴呆恐惧间的链式中介效应  

Chain-mediated effect of self-stereotyping and subjective memory complaints between self-perceived aging and fear of dementia among rural elderly people

作　　者：谭丘羽 邓一芯 冀婉倩 王冬华[1] TAN Qiu-yu;DENG Yi-xin;JI Wan-qian;WANG Dong-hua(School of Nursing,Changsha Medical University,Changsha 410219,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙医学院护理学院,湖南长沙410219

出　　处：《护理学报》2025年第1期56-62,共7页Journal of Nursing(China)

基　　金：国家级大学生创新创业计划项目[教高司函(2023)8号-S202310823020]。

摘　　要：目的探讨农村老年人自我刻板化、主观记忆抱怨在自我感知老化对痴呆恐惧影响机制中的多重中介作用。方法2023年7—8月采用一般资料调查问卷、自我感知老化量表、自我刻板化量表、主观记忆抱怨量表、痴呆恐惧量表对349名农村老年人进行调查,构建并检验链式中介模型。结果本组自我感知老化总分为(54.63±8.41)分,自我刻板化总分为(25.49±3.79)分,主观记忆抱怨总分为(18.92±7.14)分,痴呆恐惧总分为(36.48±24.94)分。农村老年人痴呆恐惧与自我感知老化、自我刻板化、主观记忆抱怨均呈正相关(均P<0.05)。农村老年人自我感知老化对痴呆恐惧的间接效应成立,总的间接效应为0.453,其中自我刻板化和主观记忆抱怨的特定中介效应分别为53.2%和35.5%,两者的链式中介效应成立,占总间接效应的比例为11.3%。结论农村老年人自我刻板化、主观记忆抱怨在自我感知老化和痴呆恐惧间的链式中介效应成立。建议医务工作者重视引导农村老年人建立积极的老化认知,降低自我刻板化及主观记忆抱怨,进而降低痴呆恐惧水平。Objective To explore the multiple mediating effects of self-stereotyping and subjective memory complaints in the mechanism of self-perceived aging on dementia fear among rural elderly people.Methods Totally 349 rural elderly people were surveyed from July to August 2023,using the General Information Questionnaire,Self-Perceived Aging Scale,Self-Stereotyping Scale,Subjective Memory Complaint Scale,and Dementia Fear Scale,and a chain mediation model was constructed and tested.Results The total score of self-perceived aging,self-stereotyping,subjective memory complaints,and dementia and fear in this group was 54.63±8.41,25.49±3.79,18.92±7.14 and 36.48±24.94,respectively.Fear of dementia in rural elderly people was positively correlated with self-perceived aging,self-stereotyping,and subjective memory complaints(all P<0.05).The indirect effect of self-perceived aging on fear of dementia in rural elderly people was established,and the total indirect effect was 0.453.Among them,the specific mediation effects of self-stereotyping and subjective memory complaints were 53.2% and 35.5% respectively.The chain mediation effect of the two was established,accounting for 11.3% of the total indirect effects.Conclusion The chain-mediated effect of self-stereotyping and subjective memory complaints between self-perceived aging and fear of dementia among rural elderly people is established.It is recommended that medical workers pay attention to guiding rural elderly people to establish positive perceptions of aging,reduce self-stereotyping and subjective memory complaints,and thereby reduce the level of fear of dementia.

关 键 词：农村老年人 痴呆恐惧 自我感知老化 自我刻板化 主观记忆抱怨 

分 类 号：R473.2[医药卫生—护理学]