数据生产力的邻接权保护机制研究  

A Research on the Neighboring Rights Protection Mechanism for Data Rights

作　　者：商建刚 SHANG Jiangang

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院经济法学院

出　　处：《上海政法学院学报(法治论丛)》2025年第1期77-92,共16页Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law(The Rule of Law Forum)

基　　金：2023年度研究阐释党的二十大精神国家社会科学基金重大项目“加强重点领域、新兴领域、涉外领域立法研究”的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:23ZDA075。

摘　　要：数据不仅承载着丰富的信息价值,更蕴含着重要的生产力。数据具有主体多元性、客体非排他性以及汇聚放大性。如何有效保护数据的生产力,已成为数据治理不得不面对的问题。竞争法行为规制模式、数据库汇编制度以及新型数据财产权的制度进路均存在一定局限性。为此,应建立一种“有限赋权+有限排他”的制度安排,以平衡数据生产力的保护与流通利用。鉴于数据与知识本质上同属于信息,邻接权制度作为一种与数据生产力实现和权益保护高度契合的法律工具,带来了数据生产力保护的新思路。简言之,可以通过扩张邻接权制度的适用范围,把数据生产力纳入广义邻接权客体范畴。这种安排通过对人类熟知法律制度的借用和改进,可以避免过高的立法成本,具有较强的立法可行性。Data carries abundant information value and productive forces.Due to the diversity of data subjects,the non-exclusivity of data objects,and the amplifying effect of data aggregation,how to effectively protect the productive forces of data has become the primary challenge in data governance.The competition law behavioral regulation model,the database compilation system,and the new model of property rights approach all have certain limitations.Therefore,an arrangement of“limited empowerment+limited exclusivity”should be established to balance the data protection and utilization.Given that data and knowledge are both information in essence,the neighboring rights system,as a legal tool that is highly consistent with the value realization principle and rights protection mechanism of data productive forces,has brought new ideas for the protection of the rights and interests of data productive forces.In short,by expanding the scope of application of the neighboring rights system,data productive forces should be included in the scope of broad neighboring rights objects.This arrangement can avoid huge legislative costs by borrowing and improving the currently well-utilized legal system,and has strong legislative feasibility.

关 键 词：《数据二十条》 商业数据 数据流通利用 数据产品制作者权 数据邻接权 

分 类 号：DF0-052[政治法律—法学理论]