技术科学:缘起、历史演进和新时代的国别差异  

Engineering Sciences:Origins,Historical Evolution and National Differences in the New Era

作　　者：程耿东[1,2] 郭旭[1,2] 陈悦[3,4] CHENG Gengdong;GUO Xu;CHEN Yue(School of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China;Jnstitute of Science of Science and S&T Management&W1SE Lab,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院 [2]大连理工大学力学与航空航天学院 [3]大连理工大学科学学与科技管理研究所 [4]大连理工大学WISE实验室

出　　处：《科教发展研究》2024年第3期1-21,共21页Research on Science,Technology and Education Development

摘　　要：文章追溯了技术科学思想、知识体系、基础研究等的缘起,介绍了钱学森先生对于技术科学的思考与概念的界定,梳理了技术科学在中国与世界范围内的历史演进情况。文章通过文献计量学分析进行技术科学发展的国别比较,指出中国的后发优势较为明显,基本实现了“量变到质变”的过程,但整体发展水平落后于英美等发达国家。中国应注重开放合作,以内涵式发展为目标,夯实优势,攻破前沿。文章认为技术科学的发展空间日益广阔,是推动工程技术发展和拉动基础科学研究的关键,创新驱动的科技强国战略应该立足于技术科学的发展。This paper traces the origins of engineering scientific thoughts,research and knowledge system,introduces QIAN Xuesen's thought on engineering sciences and its definition,and examines the historical evolution of engineering sciences in China and worldwide.The findings of bibliometric analysis indicate that China has demonstrated significant advantages as a latecomer,undergoing a process of"quantitative to qualitative"transformation.However,its overall level of development still lags behind that of advanced countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom.We suggest prioritizing open collaboration,pursuing connotative development,consolidating its strengths,and pushing beyond existing boundaries.Furthermore,we highlight the increasingly vast and crucial development space for engineering sciences as a pivotal role in driving engineering technology and advancing basic research,since an innovation-driven strategy for constructing a technologically strong nation should be anchored in the advancement of engineering sciences.

关 键 词：技术科学 历史演进 国别差异 文献计量 

分 类 号：G322[文化科学]