越平权越分裂?——从“哈佛歧视亚裔案”透视美国种族平权话语演变  

The More Equal,The More Divided:The Overthrow of the Evolution of the Discourse of Racial Equality in the United States from The Case of“Students for Fair Admissions v.Harvard”

作　　者：程金福 Chen Jinfu

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院上海纪录片学院

出　　处：《美国问题研究》2024年第1期259-286,296,共29页Fudan American Review

基　　金：2024年度教育部人文社会科学一般项目“智媒时代舆论同温层溶解与舆论共识达成的协同策略与综合路径研究”(24YJA860003)资助

摘　　要：美国联邦最高法院在“哈佛歧视亚裔案”的裁决所引发的话语争议是美国社会长久积累的种族平权问题在高等教育领域的反映。美国的种族歧视由来已久,基于白人至上主义的种族歧视与基于“人人生而平等”的建国理念之下对于弱势族群少数族裔平等权利争取相伴相随,一直表现出一种深层的张力性冲突。其间争议在从“斯科特案”到“普莱西案”“布朗案”“巴基案”等不同历史时期的不同判决,以及联邦政府和州政府不同历史时期不断变化的政策取向的演变历史中,不仅可看到平等目标定位的话语探索,也可以看出对实现目标的手段正当性的话语争议,以及不同时期主流话语随着政治、经济和社会变化的演变。“哈佛亚裔歧视案”的裁决给新媒体环境下日益极化的美国社会带来的深远影响有待进一步追踪和观察,但这一裁决绝不会成为美国亚裔争取平权的终点,也绝不会是美国根除种族歧视马拉松的终点。The discourse controversy triggered by the U.S.Supreme Court's decision in“Students for Fair Admissions v.Harvard”case is a reaction to the long-standing issue of racial discrimination in American society.Racial discrimination in the United States has a long history,and racial discrimination based on white supremacy goes hand in hand with the fight for equal rights for disadvantaged ethnic minorities under the founding concept of“all men are created equal”and have always demonstrated an in-depth tense conflict.During this period of controversy,we not only can see the discourse exploration of the goal of equality,but also can see the discourse controversy over the legitimacy of the means to achieve the goal and the evolution of the dominant discourse from the U.S.Supreme Court's decision in the case of“Dred Scott v.Sandford”and“Plessy v.Ferguson”and“Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka”and“Regents of the University of Californiav.Bakke”in line with political,economic and social changes.The long-term impact of“Students for Fair Admissions v.Harvard”case on the increasingly polarized American society in the new media environment has yet to be further tracked,but he U.S.Supreme Court's decision in this case will never be the end of the struggle for Asian's affirmative action in the United States,nor will it be the end of the marathon to eradicate racial discrimination in the United States.

关 键 词：种族平等 话语分析 美国 种族歧视 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学] D971.2[政治法律—中外政治制度] D911