美国居家养老服务政府责任:核心内容、运行机制及经验借鉴  

Government Responsibilities for Home Care Services in the United States:Core content,Operational Mechanism,And Experience Reference

作　　者：苏炜杰 Su Weijie

机构地区：[1]郑州大学法学院

出　　处：《美国问题研究》2024年第1期204-230,294-295,共29页Fudan American Review

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(18YJA820028);国家社会科学基金项目(20FFXB066);河南省高校人文社会科学研究一般项目(2024-ZZJH-001);郑州大学青年教师科研启动基金项目(哲学社会科学类)(104-32221072)的中期成果

摘　　要：居家养老在美国应对老龄化社会问题中发挥了积极作用。美国在居家养老服务领域采取了分散式立法模式,即通过部门立法和行业立法来共同进行规制,在内容上包括完善居家养老服务政府管理机构、构建以社会保障制度为核心的支持体系等。美国政府实质上承担的是兜底保障责任,原因在于遵循了残补式福利理念,认为养老服务需求最恰当的途径是由个人、家庭和市场进行提供的,政府只有在这些方式难以发挥作用时才参与进来。其更注重发挥市场机制在居家养老服务中的主导作用,居家养老服务供给市场、私人养老服务产业均较为发达。美国的相关经验在于,持续完善政府责任承担模式以更好适应人口老龄化发展趋势、充分激发社会主体参与积极性并提升其服务供给能力,以及不断丰富居家养老服务内容并打造整合式服务供给体系。Home care for the elderly has played a positive role in dealing with the aging society in the United States.The United States has adopted a decentralized legislative model in the field of home care services,that is,to jointly regulate through departmental legislation and industry legislation,including improving the government management organization of home care services and building a support system with the social security system as the core.In essence,the U.S.government undertakes the backstop guarantee responsibility,because it follows the concept of residual welfare,which believes that the most appropriate way to meet the needs of elderly care services is provided by individuals,families and the market,and the government can only participate in these ways when they are difficult to play a role.It pays more attention to the leading role of the market mechanism in home-based care services,and the supply market of home-based care services and the private service industry are relatively developed.The relevant experience of the United States is to continue to improve the government responsibility model to better adapt to the trend of population aging,fully stimulate the enthusiasm of social subjects to participate and improve their service supply capacity,and continuously enrich the content of home care services and build an integrated service supply system.

关 键 词：居家养老服务 政府责任 养老法律 市场机制 整合式养老服务 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学] D971.2[政治法律—中外政治制度]