“金里奇革命”与美国政党政治极化  

“Gingrich Revolution”and the Polarization of American Party Politics

作　　者：李帅 Li Shuai

机构地区：[1]安徽大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《美国问题研究》2024年第1期187-203,293-294,共19页Fudan American Review

基　　金：安徽省社科联创新发展研究课题“以增强话语学理性推动新时代宣传思想文化工作高质量发展研究”(项目编号:2023CXO07)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：“金里奇革命”是当代美国政党政治极化进程中具有“质变”意义的关键事件,其建构的“二元对立”式政党关系将两党间的竞争、分歧转化为激烈的政治“恶斗”。首先,“金里奇革命”在国家层面重申和凝练了当代共和党保守主义纲领,以此与民主党开启了全国性的“二元”选举竞争;其次,“金里奇革命”中共和党对国会政治规则的调整使少数党再难有效参与国会的立法进程,几乎关闭了两党协商的通道;最后,“金里奇革命”赋予共和党极化、不妥协的政治风格,使国会内政治对立往往附带党派敌意和人身攻击。民主党在“反击”中基本仿照了共和党的政治策略,在“左右互搏”中将其制度化为新的国会规则与政治传统,构成当代美国政党政治极化的基本样态。“Gingrich Revolution”is a key event with the significance of“qualitative change”in the process of the politicalpolarization of contemporary American Party politics.The“binary opposition”type of Party relations constructed by Gingrich transform the competition and differences between the two Parties into fierce political“viciousfighting”.Firstly,the“Gingrich Revolution”reaffirmed and condensed the contemporary Republican Party conservative program at the national level,thus opening a national“binary”electoralcompetition with the Democratic Party.Secondly,the Republican Party's adjustment of congressional political rules in the“Gingrich Revolution”made it difficult for the minority Party to effectively participate in the legislative process of Congress,and almost closed the channel for bipartisan negotiation.Finally,the“Gingrich Revolution”gave the Republican Party an extreme,uncompromising style of politics,with political rivalries in Congress often accompanied by partisan animosity and personal attacks.In the“counterattack”,the Democratic Party basically imitated the political strategy of the Republican Party,and institutionalized it into a new congressional rule and political tradition in the“left and right fighting”,which constitutes the basic pattern of the polarization of contemporary American Party politics.

关 键 词：纽特·金里奇 “金里奇革命” 美国政党政治 政治极化 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学]