欧元区多种资本主义模式的兼容性问题探析——理解欧元区的宏观经济失衡和改革方向纷争  

Analysis on the Compatibility of Diverse Capitalism Models in the Euro Area:Why Macroeconomic Imbalances and Diverging Opinions on Reform Happen?

作　　者：蒋尊泽 Jiang Zunze(School of International Studies,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《世界政治研究》2022年第3期97-136,161-162,共42页World Politics Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目“逆全球化背景下‘国家转型论’反思与国家类型重构研究”(批准号:19XGJ022)的阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：以欧债危机的爆发为关键节点,欧元区成员国的发展失衡引人瞩目,欧元区北方国家拥有较好的制造业竞争力并有效地控制了债务,而南欧成员国则缺乏制造业竞争力并陷入了债务危机。后危机时代,以德国为首的债权国集团与法国领导的债务国集团就欧元区制度改革的方向问题存在分歧,债权国集团追求稳定为导向的欧元区,而债务国集团尝试增加欧元区宏观经济制度的干预能力。本文基于资本主义多样性视角,通过考察欧元区的比较政治经济基础,解释欧元区成员国分化发展的方式和原因。欧元区成员国的资本主义模式存在多样性,每种资本主义模式在历史上形成了与其发展需求相匹配的货币制度。北方出口导向型资本主义偏好稳定性的货币制度,而南欧内需导向型资本主义模式偏好干预性货币制度。法国国家主导型资本主义有干预性货币制度传统,在欧元区创设阶段尝试转向稳定性货币制度,又在欧债危机后再次追求干预性货币制度。欧元区的矛盾是结构性的,货币联盟只能提供一个“一刀切”的货币政策框架,但单一的货币政策框架很难满足成员国多样性的货币政策需求。由此,出现了欧元区不同资本主义模式的兼容性问题。欧元区货币制度与不同资本主义模式的匹配程度不同,因此诱发了欧元区的经济发展失衡,并最终危害了政治团结。After the European debt crisis,the macroeconomic imbalances of the member states of the euro zone turns to be noticeable.The northern countries of the euro area have better manufacturing competitiveness and effectively control their debts,while the southern European countries lack of manufacturing competitiveness and fall in-to debt crisis.In the post-crisis era,there are differences between the German-led credi-tor group and the French-led debtor group on the plan of the euro area reform.The cred-itor group pursues a stability-oriented euro area,while the debtor group attempts to in-crease the intervention capacity of the euro area macroeconomic system.Based on the Varieties of Capitalism theory,this study examines the comparative political and eco-nomic basis of the euro area and explains how and why the member states of the euro ar-ea developing into divergence.There are various capitalism models in the euro zone,and each capitalism model has formed a monetary system matching itself in history.The Northern export-oriented capitalism prefers a stable monetary system.The Southern Europe,s domestic demand-oriented capitalism prefers a interventionist monetary sys-tem.And,the French state-led capitalism has a tradition of an intervention monetary system.French tried to turn to a stable monetary system in the creation stage of the euro area,and then pursued an interventionist monetary system again after the European debt crisis.There is a structural contradiction in the euro area.The monetary union can only provide a"one size fits all"monetary policy framework,but a single monetary policy framework can hardly meet the diverse monetary policy needs of member countries.As a result,the Compatibility of Diverse Capitalism Models in the Euro Area becomes a problem.The Euro area,s monetary system does not match the different capitalism mod-els to the same degree.This has led to the imbalance of economic development in the euro area,and endangered the political harmony.

关 键 词：欧元区 资本主义多样性 制度互补性 货币制度 欧债危机 

分 类 号：F113[经济管理—国际贸易]