宛田红花油茶种质的油用价值评价  

Evaluation on Oil Value of Camellia polyodonta How Germplasm

作　　者：刘文静 于添 潘冬梅 魏振宇 李寄凡 张龙 彭升龙 舒常庆[1,2] 汪建亚 黎曙光 熊冬连[3] 吴育中[3] Liu Wenjing;Yu Tian;Pan Dongmei;Wei Zhenyu;Li Jifan;Zhang Long;Peng Shenglong;Shu Changqing;Wang Jianya;Li Shuguang;Xiong Donglian;Wu Yuzhong(College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070;Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information,Wuhan 430070;Hubei Forestry Science and Technology Extension Centre,Wuhan 430079;Forestry Bureau of Shiyan City,Shiyan 442000)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学园艺林学学院,武汉430070 [2]湖北省林业信息工程技术研究中心,武汉430070 [3]湖北省林业科技推广中心,武汉430079 [4]湖北省十堰市林业局,十堰442000

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2024年第12期164-170,共7页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：中央财政林业科技推广示范项目(2023TG35),湖北省林业科技支撑重点项目(2020LYKJ19)。

摘　　要：宛田红花油茶(Camellia polyodonta How)属山茶属红山茶组,常绿,兼具油用价值和观赏价值。以13个宛田红花油茶种质(W1、W2、W3、W6、W9、W10、W12、W13、W15、W16、W22、W24、W26)为研究对象,测定分析成熟果实的13个性状(单果鲜质量、鲜果横径、鲜果纵径、果皮厚度、单果籽数、单果籽质量、鲜果含水率、鲜果出籽率、干果出籽率、干籽出仁率、种仁含油率、鲜果含油率、不饱和脂肪酸含量),利用主成分分析进行综合排序。研究结果表明:果实均为橙黄色;果形指数0.85~1.13,W1、W16的果实为桔形,W15为卵形,其余为球形;单果鲜质量49.15~72.43 g;鲜果横径51.46~74.94 mm,纵径50.10~76.77 mm;鲜果含水率43.84%~62.66%,鲜果出籽率49.97%~62.42%,干籽出仁率55.37%~65.83%,种仁含油率26.20%~38.40%,鲜果含油率4.09%~6.19%,不饱和脂肪酸质量分数87.79%~89.98%;通过主成分分析得到果实油用价值综合排序为:W22>W10>W15>W16>W26>W13>W2>W9>W24>W3>W1>W12>W6。Camellia polyodonta How,one of the cultivated species in Sect.camellia,is an evergreen tree species and with both edible oil and ornamental value.In this paper,13 germplasms of Camellia polyodonta How(W1、W2、W3、W6、W9、W10、W12、W13、W15、W16、W22、W24、W26)at the oil tea germplasm were used as the research objects,13 traits of mature fruits(single fruit fresh weight,transverse diameter of fresh fruits,longitudinal diameter of fresh fruits,peel thickness,single fruit seed number,single fruit seed weight,fresh fruit moisture content,fresh fruit seed rate,dried fruit seed rate,dried seed kernel rate,dried kernel oil content,fresh fruit oil content and unsaturated fatty acids content)were tested and analyzed,the comprehensive ranking was carried out using principal component analysis.Main results were as follows:the fruit color of the 13 germplasms were orange-yellow;the fruit shape index were 0.85~1.13,the fruits of W1 and W16 were orange,W15 was ovate,and the rest were spherical;the fresh weight of single fruits were 49.15~72.43 g,the transverse diameter of fresh fruits was 51.46~74.94 mm,and the longitudinal diameter was 50.10~76.77 mm.The water content of fresh fruits was 43.84%~62.66%,the seed yield of fresh fruits was 49.97%~62.42%,the kernel yield of dry seeds was 55.37%~65.83%,the oil content of seed kernels was 26.20%~38.40%,the oil content of fresh fruits was 4.09%~6.19%,and the unsaturated fatty acid content was 87.79%~89.98%.Based on principal components analysis,comprehensive ranking of the fruit oil value from high to low was:W22>W10>W15>W16>W26>W13>W2>W9>W24>W3>W1>W12>W6.

关 键 词：宛田红花油茶 种质资源 果实性状 油用价值 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]